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12th Standard CBSE Chemistry Chapters / Lessons
The Solid State
Solutions
Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Surface Chemistry
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
The p-Block Elements
d- and f- Block Elements
Coordination Compounds
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alcohols , Phenols and Ethers
Aldehydes , Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Amines
Biomolecules
Polymers
Chemistry in Everyday Life
12th Standard CBSE Chemistry Chapters / Lessons Syllabus
Solid State
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.
Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors.
Solutions
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor.
Electrochemistry
Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.
Chemical Kinetics
.Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.
Surface Chemistry
Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
"p"-Block Elements
Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen, preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen(Structure only) ; Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus: Preparation and Properties of Phosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).
Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: Preparation Properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).
Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.
"d" and "f" Block Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system).
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation.
Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes: uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.
Organic compounds containing Nitrogen
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places in text.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates-Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.
Vitamins - Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
Polymers
Classification - natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization, some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon polyesters, bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
Chemistry in Everyday life
Chemicals in medicines - analgesics, tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
Chemicals in food - preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.
Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
The Solid State
General Characteristics of Solid State-Amorphous and Crystalline Solids-Classification of Crystalline Solids-Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells-Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell-Close Packed Structures-Packing Efficiency-Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions-Imperfections in Solids-Electrical Properties-Magnetic Properties
Solutions
Types of Solutions-Expressing Concentration of Solutions-Solubility-Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions-Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions-Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass-Abnormal Molar Masses
Electrochemistry
Electrochemical Cells-Galvanic Cells-Nernst Equation-Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions-Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis-Batteries-Fuel Cells-Corrosion
Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a Chemical Reaction-Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction-Integrated Rate Equations-Pseudo First Order Reaction-Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction-Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
Surface Chemistry
Adsorption-Catalysis-Colloids-Classification of Colloids-Emulsions-Colloids Around Us
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Occurrence of Metals-Concentration of Ores-Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore-Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy-Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy-Oxidation Reduction-Refining-Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
The p-Block Elements
Group 15 Elements-Dinitrogen-Ammonia-Oxides of Nitrogen-Nitric Acid-Phosphorus-Allotropic Forms-Phosphine-Phosphorus Halides-Oxoacids of Phosphorus-Group 16 Elements-Dioxygen-Simple Oxides-Ozone-Sulphur Allotropic Forms-Sulphur Dioxide-Oxoacids of Sulphur-Sulphuric Acid-Group 17 Elements-Chlorine-Hydrogen Chloride-Oxoacids of Halogens-Interhalogen Compounds-Group 18 Elements
The d-and f-Block Elements
Position in the Periodic Table-Electronic Configurations of the d-Block Elements-General Properties of the Transition Elements (d-Block)-Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements-The Lanthanoids-The Actinoids-Some Applications of d-and f-Block Elements
Coordination Compounds
Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds-Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds-Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds-Isomerism in Coordination Compounds-Bonding in Coordination Compounds-Bonding in Metal Carbonyls-Stability of Coordination Compounds-Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Classification-Nomenclature-Nature of C–X Bond-Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes-Preparation of Haloarenes-Physical Properties-Chemical Reactions
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Classification-Nomenclature-Structures of Functional Groups-Alcohols and Phenols-Some Commercially Important Alcohols-Ethers
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Group-Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones-Physical Properties-Chemical Reactions-Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones-Nomenclature and Structure of Carboxyl Group-Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids-Physical Properties-Chemical Reactions-Uses of Carboxylic Acids
Amines
Structure of Amines-Classification-Nomenclature-Preparation of Amines-Physical Properties-Chemical Reactions-Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts-Physical Properties-Chemical Reactions-Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates-Proteins-Enzymes-Vitamins-Nucleic Acids-Hormones
Polymers
Classification of Polymers-Types of Polymerisation Reactions-Molecular Mass of Polymers-Biodegradable Polymers-Polymers of Commercial Importance
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Drugs and their Classification-Drug-Target Interaction-Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs-Chemicals in Food-Cleansing Agents
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