A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

5

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a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples
b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two example each.
c) What is a functional group? Give example of four different functional groups.

5

(a)

Name the reaction which is commonly used in the conversion of vegetable oils to fats. Explain the reaction involved in detail.

5

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Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction involved for the preparation of an ester with well labeled diagram.

5

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How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction involved.
a) Ethanol to ethene.
b) Propanol to propanoic acid

5

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Draw the possible isomers of the compound it molecular formula C₃H₆O and also give their electron dot structures.

5

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An organic compound A on heating with concentrated H₂SO₄ forms a compound B which on addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of Ni forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on combustion forms two moles of CO₂ and 3 moles of H₂O. Identify the compounds A, B and C and write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

5

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(a) State two properties of carbon which lead to a very large number of carbon compounds.
(b) Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Why are micelles not formed when soap is added to ethanol?

5

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Explain isomerism. State any four characteristics of isomers. Draw the structures of possible isomers of butane, C₄H₁₀

5

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State the reason why carbon can neither form C⁴⁺ cations for C^4- anions, but forms covalent compounds. Also state reasons to explain why covalent compounds:
(a) are bad conductors of electricity?
(b) have low melting and boiling points

5

(a)