Which of the following is incorrect for glucose?

1

(a)

It contains four > CHOH groups

(b)

It contains one ketone group

(c)

It contains one CH₂OH group

(d)

It contains one-CHO group

The term anomer of glucose refers to 

1

(a)

isomers of glucose that differ in configuration at carbons one and four (C-1 and C-4)

(b)

a mixture of (D)-glucose and (L)-glucose

(c)

enantiomers of glucose 

(d)

isomers of glucose that differ in configuration at carbon one (C-1)

Important constituent of cell wall is 

1

(a)

lipid

(b)

cellulose

(c)

protein

(d)

vitamin

The helical structure of protein is stabilized by 

1

(a)

dipeptide bonds 

(b)

hydrogen bonds

(c)

ether bonds 

(d)

peptide bonds

Vitamin A is 

1

(a)

ascorbic acid 

(b)

retinol 

(c)

calciferol

(d)

thiamine

Name the deficiency diseases resulting from lack of vitamins A and E in the diet.

1

(a)

(i) Night blindness is caused by lack of vit. A
(ii) Loss of reproduction power is caused by deficiency of vit. E.

Why cannot vitamin C be stored in our body?

1

(a)

The monosaccharide units in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are connected through ......... linkages

1

(a)

glycosidic

Denaturation involves conversion of ........... proteins to ....... proteins

1

(a)

globular, fibrous

Which component of starch is branched polymer of a glucose and insoluble in water?

1

(a)

Amylopectin.

Name the linkage connecting monosaccharide units in polysaccharides.

1

(a)

Glycosidic linkage.

Amino acids can be classified as \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta\) and so on depending upon the relative position of amino group with respect to carboxyl group. Which type of amino acids form polypeptide chain in proteins?

1

(a)

Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the mixture obtained after hydrolysis is laevorotatory. Explain.

1

(a)

On hydrolysis sucrose gives glucose (dextrorotatory +52.5) and fructose (laevorotatory,-92.4^o). Since laevorotation fructose is more than dextrorotation of glucose, therefore, mixture is laevorotatory.

Which monosaccharide units are present in starch, cellulose and glycogen and which linkages link these units?

1

(a)

Starch is branched chain polymer of \(\alpha\)-glucose whereas cellulose is linear polymer of \(\beta\)-glucose. Glycogen is polymer of  \(\alpha\)-glucose.
In starch and glycogen  \(\alpha\)-glucosidic- \(\alpha\)-linkage  is present whereas in cellulose \(\beta\)-glycosidic -\(\beta\)-limkage is present.

How do enzymes help a substrate to be attacked by the reagent effectively?

1

(a)

Active site of enzyme hold the substrate molecule in suitable position so that it can be attacked by reagent effectively.

Write such reactions and facts about glucose which cannot be explained by its open chain structure.

2

(a)

What are vitamins?Deficiency of which vitamin causes
(i) Pernicious anaemia?
(ii) Convulsions?

2

(a)

State what the following are and how they differ from each other:
(i) a nucleotide and
(ii) a nucleoside

2

(a)

How do you explain the amphoteric behavior of amino acids?

2

(a)

Amino acids may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. How does this happen? What are essential and non-essential amino acids? Name one of each type.

3

(a)

(a) Write the important structure difference between DNA and RNA.
(b) Mention the names of the bases produced on hydrolysis of DNA

3

(a)

(i) Deficiency of which vitamin causes night blindness?
(ii) Name the base that is found in nucleotide of RNA only.
(iii) Glucose on reaction with HI gives n-hexane. What does it suggest about the structure of glucose?

3

(a)

(a) A non reducing disaccharide 'A' on hydrolysis with dilute acid gives an equimolar mixture of D-( +)-glucose and D-(-)-Fructose.
\(A+{ H }_{ 2 }\quad \underrightarrow { HCl } { \quad C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }+{ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }\)
[\(\alpha\)] = +66.5^ο +52.5^ο -92.4^o
Identify A.What is the mixture of D-( +)-glucose and D-(-)-Fructose known as ? Name the linkage that holds the two units in the disaccharide.
(b) \(\alpha\) -amino acids have relatively higher melting points than the corresponding halo acids. Explain.

3

(a)

(i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide: Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein?
(iii) Write the name of vitamin whose deficiency causes bone deformities in children.

3

(a)

How do expimers differ from anomers ?

5

(a)

The K_a and K_b values of \(\alpha\) - amino acids are very low. Explain.

5

(a)