Why do we prefer to call secondary wastewater treatment as biological treatment?

1

(a)

Secoundary wastewater treatment is called biological treatment as it uses microorganisms for treating the waste.

What would have happened if antibiotics were not discovered?

1

(a)

The mortality rate would have increased due to various bacterial diseases which are otherwise controlled by antibiotics.

How do statins reduce the blood cholesterol level?

1

(a)

Statins act by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.Thus, they help in reducing the blood cholesterol level.

Explain the consequence if the oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced.

1

(a)

The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause death of  bacteria and eventually the breakage of flocs. Thus,the rate of degradation of organic matter would slow down or stopped.

Two villagers were arguing for the nutritive value of milk and curd? Being a normal science student and having studied the biochemistry of both the products, tell which one is more nutritive and justify it ?

1

(a)

Curd / Whey is more nutritious, have vitamin B_12, synthesized by LAB (absent in milk).

Citric acid is available in the market and acts as an excellent food preservative, can you name the microorganism out of which it is extracted?

1

(a)

Aspergillus niger (A fungus)

As Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces CO2 during fermentation, if fermented dough of Aspergillus niger is used to make bread, then what happens on its consumption?

1

(a)

Food will produce toxicity because Aspergillus niger produce aflatoxins.

Raman underwent kidney transplantation after which he observed allergic reactions. Can you suggest the name of microbial product and its source for controlling them.

1

(a)

Product : cyclosporine A, Source : Trichoderma polysporum (fungi)

Swati knows that the cow excreta contains a specific bacteria. Name the type of bacteria and how it can be socially used.

1

(a)

Methanogens (Archebacteria), Social use: lightening & cooking by using gobar gas.

GM crops are favored by some countries, while in India it is still banned. Can you suggest merits and demerits of such crops?

1

(a)

Merits : Enhance the quality & quantity of crops, less requirement of insecticide & pesticides, improve agronomic characteristics. Demerits : Favors new pathogen strain , dependability of farmers on biogenic companies.