Study the pedigree chart showing the pattern of inheritance of blood group character in a family.

(a) Give the genotypes of the parents in generation I.
(b) State the possible genotypes of the individuals.
(i) X in generation II.
(ii) Y in generation III.
(c) How does the inheritance of this blood group explain codominance?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
During a study of inheritance of two genes, teacher asked students to perform an experiment. The students crossed white eyed, yellow bodied female Drosophila with a red eyed, brown bodied male Drosophila (i.e., wild). They observed that progenies in F₂ generation had 1.3 percent recombinants and 98.7 percent parental type combinations. The experimental cross with results is shown in the given figure.[Note: Dominant wild type alleles are represented with (+) sign in superscript.]

(i) By conducting the given experiment, teacher can conclude that
A. Genes for eye colour and body colour are linked
B. Genes for eye colour and body colour show complete linkage
C. Linked gene remain together and are inherited

(ii) Teacher asked to conduct an experiment on Drosophila because

(iii) Genes white eyed and yellow bodied located very close to one another on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted together are called

(iv) Select the correct statement regarding the given experiment.

(v) Assertion : When yellow bodied, white eyed Drosophila females were hybridised with brown-bodied, red eyed males; and FI progeny was intercross ed, F₂ ratio deviated from 9: 3: 3: 1.
Reason : When two genes in a dihybrid are on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations are much higher than the non-parental type.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
Turner's syndrome is an example of mono somy. It is formed by the union of an allosome free egg and a normal 'X' containing sperm or a normal egg and an allosome free sperm. The individual has 2n = 45 chromosomes (44 + X0) instead of 46. Such individuals are sterile females who have rudimentary ovaries, under developed breasts, small uterus, short stature, webbed neck and abnormal intelligence. They may not menstruate or ovulate. This disorder can be treated by giving female sex hormone to the women from the age of puberty to make them develop breasts and have menstruation. This makes them feel more normal.
(i) Number of Barr body present in a female with Turner's syndrome is

(ii) Turner's syndrome is an example of

(iii) Turner's syndrome is a/an

(iv) Which of the following statements regarding Turner's syndrome is incorrect?

(v) Assertion : Turner's syndrome is caused due to absence of anyone of the X and Y sex chromosome.
Reason : Individuals suffering from Turner's syndrome show masculine as well as feminine development

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Haemophilia is a sex linked disease which is also known as bleeder's disease as the patient will continue to bleed even from a minor cut since he or she does not possess the natural phenomenon of blood clotting due to absence of anti-haemophilic globulin or factor VIII and plasma thromboplastin factor IX essential for it. As a result of continuous bleeding the patient may die of blood loss. Colour blindness is another type of sex linked trait in which the eye fails to distinguish red and green colours. Vision is however, not affected and the colour blind can, lead a normal life, reading, writing and driving (distinguishing traffic lights by their position).(i) If a haemophilic man marries a woman whose father was haemophilic and mother was normal then which of the following holds true for their progenies?

(ii) A man whose father was colourblind and mother was normal marries a woman whose father was haemophilic and mother was normal. Which of the following is true for their progenies? [Note: Percentage is from the total number of progenies.

(iii) Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding haemophilia?

(iv) Anup is having colourblindness and is married to Soni who is normal. What is the chance that their son will have the disease?

(v) Refer to the given cross

Select the correct option regarding 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A relevant portion of \(\beta\)-chain of haemoglobin of a normal human is as follows

The codon for the sixth amino acid is GAG. The sixth codon GAG mutates to GAA as a result of mutation X and into GUG as a result of mutation Y.
(i) Which of the following is incorrect statement?

(ii) Due to mutation Y the shape of RBCs under oxygen tension will be

(iii) GUG is code for

(iv) Which of the following genotype shows diseased phenotype due to mutation Y?

(v) Study the given pedigree chart for sickle-cell anaemia and select the most appropriate option for the genotypes.