Embryo sacs of some apomictic species appear normal, but contain diploid cells. Suggest a suitable explanation for the condition.

In case of polyembryony, if one embryo develops from the synergid and another from the nucellus, which one is haploid and which is diploid? Describe polyembryony and also mention how can it be commercially exploited.

Ram saw a farmer spraying some chemicals on flowers. On asking farmer, he came to know that this act will lead to the formation of fruits without fertilisation. Ram thought that fruits developed in this way are not good to eat as chemicals are sprayed on it.
Next day, he asked his biology teacher about it, who explained him everything.
(i) What chemicals were sprayed by the farmer?
(ii) Give difference between such a spray and usual pesticide spray?
(iii) What is parthenocarpy? Give its types.
(iv) What values are shown by Ram?

During a biology lecture in class the teacher called apple seeds as seeds but maize seeds as grains. On hearing this Amit got confused and asks her teacher the reason behind this. The teacher appreciated Amit and cleared all his doubts.
(i) What is the difference between seed and grain?
(ii) How are maize grains formed?
(iii) Explain along with a labelled diagram of the vertical section of a maize grain.
(iv) What values are shown by Amit.

Give reasons why:
(i) most zygotes in angiosperms divide only after certain amount of endosperm is formed.
(ii) groundnut seeds are exalbuminous and castor seeds 'are albuminous.
(iii) micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat of a seed.
(iv) integuments of an ovule harden and the water content is highly reduced, as the seed matures.
(v) apple and cashew are not called true fruits.