In the 1920s, a Royal Commission on Agriculture reported:
''The extent of the area available for grazing has gone down tremendously with the extension of area under cultivation because of increasing  population, extension of irrigation facilities, acquiring the pastures for Government purposes, for example, defence, industries and agricultural experimentalfarms. [Now] breeders find it difficult to raise large herds. Thus their earnings have gone down.
The quality of their livestock has deteriorated, dietary standards have fallen and indebtedness has increased." The Report of the Royal Commission of Agriculture in India, 1928一
(i) When was the Royal Commission Report on agriculture presented in India?
(ii) What was it about?
(iii) What problems did the breeders face?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:
Rubber extraction in the Putumayo:
'Everywhere in the world, conditions of work in plantations were horrific.
The extraction of rubber in the Putumayo region of the Amazon, by the Peruvian Rubber Company (with British and Peruvian interests) was dependent on the forced labour of the local Indians, called Huitotos. From 1900-1912, the Putumayo output of 4,000 tons of rubber was associated with a decrease of some 30,000 among the Indian population due to torture, disease and flight. A letter by an employee of a rubber company describes how the rubber was collected. The manager summoned hundreds of Indians to the station:
He grasped his carbine and machete and began the slaughter of these defenceless Indians, leaving the ground covered with 150 corpses, among them, men, women and children. Bathed in blood and appealing for mercy, the survivors were heaped with the dead and burned to death, while the manager shouted, "I want to exterminate all the Indians who do not obey my orders about the rubber that I require them to bring in."
Michael Taussig, 'Culture of terror space of Death', in Nicholas Dirkrd., Colonialism and Culture, 1992.
(i) What was the condition of the plantation workers throughout the world?
(ii) What was called Huitotos?
(iii) What did the manager do with the Indian labourers?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow
All boys between the ages of six and ten went through a preliminary training in Nazi ideology. At the end of the training they had to take the following oath of loyalty to Hitler:
‘In the presence of this blood banner which represents our Fuhrer I swear to devote all my energies and my strength to the saviour of our country, Adolf Hitler. I am willing and ready to give up my life for him, so help me God.’
From W. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.
(i) Who were supposed to get a preliminary training in Naziideology?
(ii) What did they do at the end of the training?
(iii) What oath did they take?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow
‘In an era when the earth is gradually being divided up among states, some of which embrace almost entire continents, we cannot speak of a world power in connection with a formation whose political mother country is limited to the absurd area of five hundred kilometers.
Hitler, Mein Kampf, p. 644
(i) Where has the above-mentioned source been taken from?
(ii) What is the imperial ambition of Hitler expressed in the above extract?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:
This is a letter written by a peasant who did not want to join the collective farm.
To the newspaper Krestianskaia Gazeta (Peasant Newspaper)
‘… I am a natural working peasant born in 1879 … there are 6 members in my family, my wife was born in 1881, my son is 16, two daughters 19, all three go to school, my sister is 71. From 1932, heavy taxes have been levied on me that I have found impossible. From 1935, local authorities have increased the taxes on me … and I was unable to handle them and all my property was registered: my horse, cow, calf, sheep with lambs, all my implements, furniture and my reserve of wood for repair of buildings and they sold the lot for the taxes. In 1936, they sold two of my buildings … the kolkhoz bought them. In 1937, of two huts I had, one was sold and one was confiscated …’ Afanasii Dedorovich Frebenev, an independent cultivator.
From: V. Sokolov (ed), Obshchestvo I Vlast, v 1930-ye gody.
(i) Why did the peasant not want to join the collective farm?
(ii) What were the reasons that made the conditions of the Russian peasants so deplorable?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow
Rabindranath Tagore wrote from Russia in 1930
‘Moscow appears much less clean than the other European capitals. None of those hurrying along the streets look smart. The whole place belongs to the workers … Here the masses have not in the least been put in the shade by the gentlemen … those who lived in the background for ages have come forward in the open today … I thought of the peasants and workers in my own country. It all seemed like the work of the Genii in the Arabian Nights. [here] only a decade ago they were as illiterate, helpless and hungry as our own masses … Who could be more astonished than an unfortunate Indian like myself to see how they had removed the mountain of ignorance and helplessness in these few years’.
(i) How does the author of the above passage portray Moscow?
(ii) What is the condition of the mass there?
(iii) Why does the author call himself unfortunate?

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:
Some of the basic rights set forth in Olympe de Gouges’ Declaration.
1. Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights.
2. The goal of all political associations is the preservation of the natural rights of woman and man: These rights are liberty, property, security, and above all resistance to oppression.
3. The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation, which is nothing but the union of woman and man.
4. The law should be the expression of the general will; all female and male citizens should have a say either personally or by their representatives in its formulation; it should be the same for all. All female and male citizens are equally entitled to all honours and public employment according to their abilities and without any other distinction than that of their talents.
5. No woman is an exception; she is accused, arrested, and detained in cases determined by law. Women, like men, obey this rigorous law.
(a) How did Olympe de Gouges, view women?
(b) What should be the goal of all political associations according to her?
(c) What was her opinion about law?

Freedom of the press means:

Bolsheviks party was renamed

Which of the following was the immediate factor for the Great Depression (1929 - 1932)?

A which parallel of latitude does India begin to taper towards south?

Name one of the following rocks used for making talcum powder

King in France at the time of the Revolution was

Which of the following was not a part of extended schooling system

Destination of all undesirables in the German empire

Which parallel of latitude divides India into almost two equal parts?

The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is

King in France at the time of the Revolution was

Which of the following group of workers were regarded as aristocrats among workers?

Allied powers in the World War II

The easternmost longitude of India is

Why is the northernmost mountain range of the Himalayan mountains called 'Himadri'?

Under the Old Regime:

Liberals were opposed to

Which of the following was not true of Nazi State and women?

A which parallel of latitude does India begin to taper towards south?

Which of the islands has a bird sanctuary?

In the context of France, fall of the Bastille took place on

Immediate consequence of collectivisation was

Hitler's world view was based on the concept of

India's latitudinal extent is

Which is the northern most range of the Himalayas?

In country like India Food Security can be ensured when

Buffer stock is created to

Buffer stock is the stock of foodgrains produced by the government through:

The kind of distribution through government regulated ration shops is called as

In how many blocks in India was Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) introduced 1992?

Who advocated that India would be truly independent only when the poorest of its people become free of human suffering?

Which factor is hurting the most to the poor?

Which of the following methods is used to measure poverty?

Poverty Line in India is defined on the basis of:

The poverty has declined in India from 1973 level of 55% to 2011-12 level of

Where is Guantanamo Bay located?

What is the condition of non-muslims in Saudi Arabia with respect to their religious rights?

Which of these options is correct regarding Saudi Arabian political system?

Which court tried Milisevic's guilt?

Under which category of rights does Abolition of Untouchability belongs to:

What is meant by 'Office Memorandum'?

The Prime Minister who implemented  the recommendation of Mandal Commission :

The dispute regarding the reservations of SEBC was resolved by :

The third unit of the Parliament, apart from Lok Sabha  and Rajya Sabah is :

Which of the following is not correct so far as powers of the parliament are concerned :

Into how many Constituencies the country is divided into during the Lok Sabha elections?

Which of the following statements about the reasons for conducting elections are false?

Who of the following decides the fate of government in elections?

Which of the following choice is absent in an election?

The elections that takes place after years 5 years of Lok Sabha are called as:

Which of the following is a pivotal element in social science?

Which of the following are meaning in relation to human being?

How much percentage of world population inhabit India?

The number of people in different age group is referred as:

Working population includes those persons who fall in the age group of

Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than

In which of the following state is Simplipal bio-reserve located?

What percentage does India has in the world in respect of number of flowering plants?

Natural vegetation referring to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undistributed by humans for a long time,is termed as

Which one of the following tree is found in tropical rain forest?

The wind blowing in the nothern plains in summers is known as:

Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:

Which one of the following charcterstics the cold weather season in India?

The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time is called

Which one of the following is NOT the Climate Controls of a place?

Before the 18th century dresses were not regulated by

Factor in change in clothes after the 18th century was

Laws related to dress codes

Ideas of simplicity in clothing reflected

The colours of France-blue, white and red-became popular as they were a sign of

Cricket was said to represent 

Game of cricket was invented in:

The world's first cricket club was formed at:

Change in game rules in the 1760s led to immediate change in 

Despite the development of technology which of the following equipment of cricket is still handmade?

Captain Swing was a

Who was signing the threatening letters received by England farmers in 1840s?

Strip cultivation was practised by

16th century enclosures were driven by

Cultivation of which crops improved fertility of soil

Pastoral nomads of Jammu and Kashmir are 

The Gujjar Bakarwals of .......... are great herders of goat and sheep.

Dhangars are pastoralists of

The Dhangar shepherds stay in the ................. during the moonsoon

Raikas are found in

Deforestation refers to

Why did colonists need durable timber?

The local name for shifting cultivation is SE Asia is:

Which of the following is a local name of shifting cultivation in Central America?

Birsa Munda belonged to

Finance raised to operate a business is called.

Investment in human resource can be done through investing in:

On which of the following does the quality of population not depend?

Children between the age group of 6 to 14 years are given education under.

Vocational streams are developed by government for

Which one of the following is an economic activity?

Which of the following activities are carried on at Limited Scale Palampur?

How many families in Palampur live in small houses?

Factors of production include

Which one of the following does not come under modern farming methods?

Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?

On what charge was Nelson Mandela tried by the white South African government?

The place in South Africa, where Nelson Mandela was detained by the white government?

'My wish is that south Africans never give up on the belief in goodness, that they cherish that in human beings is the cornerstone of our democracy'. Who said this?

Which of the following is not true with respect to South African Constitution?

In Greek 'demos' means........and 'kratia' means.............

Which of the following statement is false?

What is the meaning of 'democracy'?

Which one of the following is the correct explanation of democracy?

In Pakistan, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in October 1999. He overthrew a democratically elected government and declared himself the

Which of the following statement is true about today's world?

A military coup took place in Chile on 11the Septemeber, 1973. The army general who led the coup was:

A condition under which the freedom of expression is taken is called:

The government, led by ________, grew anxious and imposed martial law in December 1981.

_____ preferred government control on all big industries and the economy.

In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?

The area drained by a single river system is called a

An elevated area, seperating two drainage basin is known as

Which type of drainage pattern develops where the river channel flow through the slope of the terrain?

What is called a river system?

Name one of the following rocks used for making talcum powder

Why is India a vast country in terms of landforms?

A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as

The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is

Which of the following theories is most plausible theories in explaining the formation of the earth?

The easternmost longitude of India is

Uttarakhand, Uttar pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim have common frontiers with

If you intend to visit Kavarati during your summer vacation, which one of the following Union Territories of India you will be going to

My friend hails from a country which does not share land boundary with India. Identify the country.

Which parallel of latitude divides India into almost two equal parts?

Allied powers in the World War II

Who among the given were called "November Criminals"?

Uprising in Germany patterned on the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

Which of the following was not a feature of the new Nazi style of politics?

The World War II began with German invasion of

Liberals were opposed to

Socialists 

Capitalists believed in

Socilaist International body

The majority religion of Russia was

When did the French Revolution occur?

The most important of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and nobility

What was tithes?

Which of the following is Not a factor in subsistence crisis?

In the context of France, the "Tennis Court Oath" took place on

In the context of France, the "Tennis Court Oath" took place on

What did the red cap worn by Sans-Culottes in France symbolise?

Who wrote a "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen"?

The term used for the indigenous people of Africa, south of Sahara desert is:

Freedom of the press means:

Who was Maximilian Robespierre?

Name the most successful political club of France. Describe any three changes brought about by the government set-up after the fall of Jacobin Government

Evaluate the importance of the following dates concering the French Revolution: 1774, 1789, 1791, 1792-93 and 1804.

When and where was the formation for the National Assembly announced?

What were the pre-requisites for the status of an active citizen?

Explain the ideology of the three power groups present in russian society i.e., the Liberls, the Radicals and the Conservatives.

Describe the formation of the Peninsular plateau. Write any four of its distinct features.

What are the difficulties people face in a non-democratic country? Give answer drawing from the examples given in this chapter.

What was Gdansk agreement?

Which party ruled Poland in 1980?

Discuss the role of cooperatives in food security

Explain the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items in different parts of the country.

Discuss important features of Public Distribution System

Which states are more food insecure in India?

What has our government done to provide food security to the poor? Discuss any two schemes launched by the government?

Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India.

Differentiate between urban and rural poverty taking example of Ram Saran for urban case and Lakha Singh for rural case

What is social exclusion? Give one example of it.

Describe about inequality of income within a family.

Explain any three points how poverty declined in some states.

Describe the Fundamental Rights which have been provided to the citizens by the constitution.

Enlist the role of 'Amnesty International'.

State any three rights that are denied to the citizens of Saudi Arabia.

Write a short note on Fundamental Rights.

Explain the reason for calling some rights as fundamental rights.

What are the qualifications of President?

Define a 'Bill'

Define a law.

Give any three functions (or responsiblities) of the Government

Discuss the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

How many Assembly constituencies are there in the Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency? Is it the same in your own Lok Sabha constituency?

Why are the candidates required to give a detail statement of their property?

Election
To win an election is it necessary for a person to secure more than half the votes polled?

Why does the Election Commission have so much powers? Is this good for democracy?

Why Elections? Is it good to have political competition?

Distinguish between population growth and population change.

Name the highly populated cities of India, according to 1991 census.

What is census? When was the first census held in India? Which type of information can we get from the census?

How is it imported to know about the various parameters of population?

What are the three concerns of population?

Define an ecosystem

Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of height altitude.

Write a poem or paragraph showing importance of wild life.

How many species of plants are there in India?

Give an account of flowering plant and non-flowering plant

What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?

Define monsoons . What do you understand by 'break' in monsoon?

Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Describe the Regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.

What were the sumptuary laws in Frances?

How did people dress before the age of democratic revolution and development of capitalist markets in 18th century Europe?

Identify the differences in dress codes among various social classes of England before the French Revolution.

Who were Sans Culottes?

How were the French-Revolutionary ideas of equality reflected in clothes people wore?

Describe one way in which in the nineteenth century, technology brought about a change in equipment and give one example no change in equipment took place.

How have advances in technology,  especially television technology, affected the development of contemporary cricket?

Why are sports an integral part of contemporary life?

Mention any three peculiarities of Test Cricket.

Mention the first written "Laws of Cricket" drawn up in 1744.

Why were threshing machines opposed by the poor in England?

What was the impact of the westward expansion of settlers in the USA?

Write a paragraph on why the British insisted on farmers growing opium in India?

Explain the major features of the 'Open Field' system which was prevailing in England in the eighteen, and the early nineteenth century.

What was the attitude of the British Parliament towards the Enclosure Movement?

Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?

Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.

Give names of some of the nomads domesticated by pastoralists of India.

What is the pattern of migration of the Gujjar herders?

Explain the annual movement of Gujjar Bakarwals.

What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Baster and in Java?

Define the term forests.

Why did forests around railway tracks in India start disappearing after 1860?

Why did the colonial rulers consider forests as unproductive?

List any five suggestions proposed by Dietrich Brandis for forest management.

What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?

What is the role of education in human capital information?

What is the role of health in human capital information?

What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector,secondary sector and tertiary sector?

Distinguish between economic activities and non-economic activities.

Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?

Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Who provides the labour in this case?

Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shaphur and not in his village?

Read again the extracts from Nehru's speech 'Tryst with Destiny' and answer the following:
Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?

"I have fought against the white domination and I have fought against the black domination". Who said this sentence?

In Which year was Nelson Mandela imprisoned?

What was the main difference between the British rule in India and white rule in South Africa?

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Explain the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items in different parts of the country.

Why is agriculture a seasonal activity?

Why is Ramu unemployed for about four months in a year?

How does the yellow card help Ahmad run his family even with small earning from rickshaw-pulling?

In which year did our country cross the 200 million tonnes per year mark in foodgrain production?

What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?

What is poverty?

Give two examples of poor people whom you come across in daily life.

Differentiate between urban and rural poverty taking example of Ram Saran for urban case and Lakha Singh for rural case

What was the thought of Gandhiji about a truly independent India?

Why was the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay detained?

Examine the role played by the international organisation in the Guantanamo Bay incident.

Examine the situation of citizens right in Saudi Arabia.

What is the condition of media in Saudi Arabia?

Which group was in majority and minority in Kosovo?

How judges of Supreme Court are removed? 

Explain briefly the powers of the Supreme Court .

Define a 'Bill'

What is the difference between a 'bill' and a 'law'?

Have we not had a Woman Prime Minister?

How many Assembly constituencies are there in the Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency? Is it the same in your own Lok Sabha constituency?

Like in Panchayats, should we not have at least one-thrid seats in the parliament and assemblies reserved women?

Why do some states have such a large number of constituencies?

Why are some constituencies small in area while others are very big?

Identify the fair and the unfair electoral practices among the followings: 
A candidate promises that she will get a new train for her constituency if she is elected.

What are the advantages of having a healthy population?

What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?

According to 2001 census which is the most populated city of India?

Which authority of India provides us with information regarding the population of our country?

What is census? When was the first census held in India? Which type of information can we get from the census?

Why has India a rich heritage of flora and Fauna?

Two national parks each in northern,southern,eastern and western parts of the country

Find ten occupations getting raw material from forests and wildlife.

Write a poem or paragraph showing importance of wild life.

How many species of animals are found in India?

Define monsoons . What do you understand by 'break' in monsoon?

Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.

Parts of Rajesthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are dought prone.

Describe the Regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.

What were the main objectives of the 'Sumptuary Laws'? Mention any two restrictions imposed under these laws.

Why were young girls in Victorian England laced up and dressed in stays?

Explain by giving examples how clothes women wore reflected the Victorian ideals of womanhood.

How were men and women in Victorian England supposed to have different nature and qualities? Explain.

How did the women react to 'norms' who belived in the ideals of womanhood?

Give names of some of the nomads domesticated by pastoralists of India.

Name any 2 societies in which pastoralism has been important.

The Gujjar herders originally belong to which state?

Mention any four factors responsible for the annual movement of the Dhangars.

Explains the annual cycle of seasonal movement of the Dhangars.

Who was Captain Swing? What did the name symbolise or represent?

What was the impact of the westward expansion of settlers in the USA?

What were the advantages and disadvantages of the use of mechanical harvesting machines in the USA?

What lessons can be draw from the conversion of the countryside in the USA from a bread basket to a dust bowl?

Write a paragraph on why the British insisted on farmers growing opium in India?

What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Baster and in Java?

How did the British colonial policy lead to deforestation?

Explain any five causes of deforestation in India during colonial rule.

What was the view of the colonial government regarding forests?

Why did the colonial rulers consider forests as unproductive?

Why are sports an integral part of contemporary life?

What is the importance of cricket in India today?

What is the significance of the date 1780 in the history of cricket?

Mention any three changes brought about in the game of cricket by the MCC's revision of the during the second half of the 18th century?

Who were called amateurs? Give reasons why they were called amateurs.

What is the role of health in human capital information?

What part does health play in individual's working life?

What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector,secondary sector and tertiary sector?

Distinguish between economic activities and non-economic activities.

Why are women employed in low paid work?

Here is some information about country. Based on this information how would you classify each of these countries. Write 'democartic','undemocratic' or 'not sure' against each of these
Country A : People who do not accept the counntry's official religion do not have a right to vote

Here is some information about country. Based on this information how would you classify each of these countries. Write 'democartic','undemocratic' or 'not sure' against each of these
Country C : Ruling party has lost in the last three elections

After how many years does Mexico hold elections for electing its President?

How election in India are different then Mexico?

What steps were taken by PRI to win election in Mexico?

Who was Saddam Hussein? What type of government did he form in Iraq? Point out the measures taken under his government for the welfare of the people.

What was the view of the UN Secretary General in US over the war on Iraq? Name the Secretary General.

Name the present Secretary General of the United Nations Organisations. 

Which other East European countries were ruled by communist parties in the 1980s?

Why were women given voting rights much later than men in most countries? Why did this not happen in India?

What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

Where do the river Indus and Ganga have their origin?

Name the two headstreams of the Ganga.Where do they meet to form the Ganga?

Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?

State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes

Explain any three features of Decan Plateau.

What are tectonic plates?

What is the bhabar?

Distinguish between Converging and diverging tectonic plates

Describe the Indian Desert.

How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? why?

What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

Explain the factors which have enabled the farmers to increase the productivity of their land.

Who provides the labour in this case?

Read again the extracts from Nehru's speech 'Tryst with Destiny' and answer the following:
Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?

Read again the extracts from Nehru's speech 'Tryst with Destiny' and answer the following:
What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?

Which group was minority in South Africa before 1990s and had maximum political power?

In Which year was Nelson Mandela imprisoned?

When was the new national flag of the Republic of South Africa hosited for the first time?

Here is some information about country. Based on this information how would you classify each of these countries. Write 'democartic','undemocratic' or 'not sure' against each of these
Country A : People who do not accept the counntry's official religion do not have a right to vote

Election in China do not represent people's verdict Explain

After how many years does Mexico hold elections for electing its President?

How election in India are different then Mexico?

Which party was ruling in Mexico since 1930 to 2000? Does it go against the principle of democracy?

What was the view of the UN Secretary General in US over the war on Iraq? Name the Secretary General.

Name the present Secretary General of the United Nations Organisations. 

Why did President Allende address himself mainly to 'workers'? Why were the rich unhappy with him?

Did the army have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country? Should the army have the power to arrest any citizen?

Locate and shade Chile on the map. Which state in our country has a shape similar to Chile?

What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.

Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt,despite a longer course?

Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?

Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.

Name the three major river system of the Himalayas.

Explain the following:
Local Time

Explain why Ahmedabad and Kolkatta are able to see the noon sun exactly overhead in a year but not Delhi?

Name the countries which are larger that India.

The number of Union Territories along the western and eastern coasts.

Account for the boundaries of India.

Give any 2 features of the Central Government.

Explain five factors responsible for meteoric rise of Hitler.

What was Enabling Act?

Explain the Nazi of motherhood.

When was the First World War fought?

Explain the ideology of the three power groups present in russian society i.e., the Liberls, the Radicals and the Conservatives.

Explain the major demands of Lenin's 'April Theses'.

Explain the main objective of the Russian Revolution?

Briefly discuss responses that emerged in Europe after the French Revolution?

Where and when was the first Socialist Government formed?

Give the factors that made possible the 'Reign of Terror'.

What is a guillotine? Who invented it?

Give some of the achivements of Robespierre.

What was the significance of the Rule of the Directory?

Describe the condition of women in France before the Revolution.

Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?

Name the island group of India having coral origin.

Distinguish between Converging and diverging tectonic plates

Describe about the formation of the Peninsular plateau write any four of its distinct features.

Describe the Indian Desert.

Which island group of India lies to its south-east?

Which island countries are our southern neighbours?

The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same time. How does this happen?

The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. Why?

Explain Indian Union and Indian mainland

State any three promises made by Adolf Hitler to the German Society.

Who were the supporters of the Nazi ideology?

Highlight five important features of the education imparted in Nazi schools.

How were schools in Germany 'cleansed and purified' under Nazi rule?

What was the name of the Nazi youth organisation which consisted of all German boys of 14 to 18 years of age?

How did the war on the eastern front from the war on the western front?

Why is International Women's Day celebrated on February 22nd?

Who were regarded as 'Kulaks' in Russia?

In the context of Russia, What was 'kolkhoz'?

What was the 'April Theses'?

What were the Jacobin Clubs? Who was their leader?

Who was Maximilian Robespierre?

The Jacobins of France were known as 'sans-culotes'. Why?

How and why was King Louis XVI executed on 21st January 1793?

Explain was the role of the Jacobins in the French Revolution

Which of the following methods is used to measure poverty?

Poverty Line in India is defined on the basis of:

There has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala because of:

A state which has focused on Human Resource Development in reducing poverty:

Which of following countries has a higher poverty ratio than India?

What is the third important element of democracy apart from elections and institutions?

Kosovo was a province of 

How was ethnic massacare of Albanins stooped?

How many Fundamental Rights are guaranteed to the citizens by our Constitution?

Which of these rights are provided to a person arrested by the government or police?

Food Security depends on:

Which one of the following states achieved the highest rate of growth in agriculture due to Green Revolution in India?

Which of the following person is food insecure?

The stock of the foodgrains namely wheat and rice produced by the government through Food Corporation of India is called

Which one of the following government organization buy the surplus foodgrains from the farmers?

SEBC stands for 

What is meant by 'Office Memorandum'?

President of India is :

Prime Minister of India is :

Political and other institutions are mandatory in any democratic country for :

The most common form of democracy is:

Which of the following leaders won the election and formed government in Haryana in 1987 election?

A democratic election must fulfil the following condition:

In India, Lok Sabha or Assembly elections are held after:

What is the minimum age required to contest Rajya Sabha elections?

Which of the following is a pivotal element in social science?

Change in the number of inhabitants of a country during a specific period of time is called

What is international migration?

Which of the following states/union territories has the lowest sex ratio in India?

A person aged 7 years and above who can read or write with understanding in any language is treated as

Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than

In which of the following state is Simplipal bio-reserve located?

What is the rank of India in the world in respect of plant diversity?

What percentage does India has in the world in respect of number of flowering plants?

Flora is referred to as

The wind blowing in the nothern plains in summers is known as:

Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in north-western part of India?

Which one of the following charcterstics the cold weather season in India?

The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time is called

The state of atmosphere over an area at any point of time is known as 

Before the 18th century dresses were not regulated by

Laws related to dress codes

Among the material prescribed for royalty

Ideas of simplicity in clothing reflected

Which of the following colours were the sign of patriotism in France?

Captain Swing was a

When was the large part of England quite open?

Unlike 16th century enclosures those in the 18th century were undertaken to

Due to enclosures

Which of the following country was called "The bread basket of the world" in the 20th century.

Nomadic pastoralists are people who

The cyclical movement of the mountain pastoralists is defined by

Dhangars are pastoralists of

Pastoralists sustain by

Which of the following animals are reared by the Kurumas and Kurubas?

Game of cricket grew out of many stick and ball games played in

Cricket grew out of 

According to 1744 'Laws of Cricket', what was the height of stumps from the surface?

Cricket is a

Despite the development of technology which of the following equipment of cricket is still handmade?

500 different plant species can be found in one forest patch in

Colonial rulers considered forests as productive because

In which parts is 'Swidden' agriculture practised?

Which of the following is not a common name for shifting agriculture in India?

Which of the following is not a feature of shifting cultivation?

Excess population is considered as a burden for an economy, but they can become human capital  if there is an investment made in the form of

Investment in human resource can be done through investing in:

Catching fish is a 

On which of the following does the quality of population not depend?

Children between the age group of 6 to 14 years are given education under.

Which one of the following is an economic activity?

Which of the following activities are carried on at Limited Scale Palampur?

To grow more than one crop  on the same piece of land during the year is known as

Which is the period of Kharif season in Palampur village?