GITAM GAT 2021 Zoology Syllabus

GITAM GAT ( UGTP )  Entrance Examination syllabus for Zoology -2015

UNIT-I

Animal Classification:

1. Salient features (3 to 5) and two examples of Non-chordate phyla.

2. Salient features (3 to 5) and two examples of chordate classes.

UNIT-II

Structural Organisation in animals:

1. Cockroach: Brief account of morphology, anatomy and functions of digestive circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems.

2. Animal tissues: Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues.

UNIT-III

Human Physiology-Digestive and Respiratory systems:

1.Digestive System : Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; caloric value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, Jaundice, diarrhea.

2. Respiratory system: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans -Exchange of gases; transport of gases and regulation of respiration; Respiratory volumes; Disorders related respiration-Asthma Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.

UNIT-IV

Human Physiology: Circulatory and Excretory Systems:

1. Circulatory System: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system -Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of Cardiac activity, Disorders of circulatory system –Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

2. Excretory System: Modes of Excretion –Ammonotelism, ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human excretory system –Structures and function; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of Kidney function –Renin –angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uremia, Renal Failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial Kidney.

UNIT-V

Human Physiology–Locomotion & Movement and Neuro Endocrine System:

1. Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement –ciliary, Flagellor, muscular; Skeletal muscle –Contractile proteins muscle contraction; Disorder of muscles. Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular distrophy.

2. Skeletal System and its functions: joints; Disorders of skeletal system –Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Gout.

3. Nervous System: Neurons and nerves; Nervous system in humans –central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs: Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.

4. Endocrine System: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system –Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders(e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).

UNIT-VI

Human Physiology –Reproduction:

1. Human Reproduction: Male and Female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis –Spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual Cycle; Fertilization, Embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).

2. Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); Birth control –Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies –IVF, ZIFT, GIFT ( Elementary idea for general awareness);

UNIT-VII

Genetics:

1) Heredity and Variations: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviation from Mendelism–Incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome Theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination –In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance –Hemophilia, Colourblindness; mendelian disorders in humans –Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans –Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s Syndromes.

2) Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription; genetic code; translation Gene expression and regulation –Lac operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.

3) Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular, evidence -Darwin’s contribution , Modern synthetic theory of Evolution, Mechanism of evolution –Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift, Hardy –Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation ; Human evolution.

UNIT-VIII

Human Health and Diseases:

1) Pathogens; Parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid Pneumonia, Common Cold, Amoebiasis, Ringworm).

2) Basic concepts of immunology –Vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS.

3) Adolescence, Drug and alcohol abuse.

UNIT-IX

Ecology and Environment:

1) Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and Ecological adaptations; Population Interactions –Mutualism, Competition, Predation, Parasitism; Population attributes –Growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

2) Ecosystem: Patterns, Components; Productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of numbers, biomass, energy, Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; plant communities; Ecological services –carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release.

3) Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots; endangered organisms, extinction; Red Data Book; Biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.

4) Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its  control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive Waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warming; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues.