IARI 2021 Salary

Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI ) PH.D Entrance Examination Syllabus   -2015

Part-I : General Agriculture

Importance Of Agriculture In National Economy; Basic Principles Of Crop Production; Cultivation Of Rice, Wheat, Pigeonpea, Sugarcane, Tomato, Cauliflower, Mango And Rose.

Weathering Of Rocks; Soil Formation, Major Soils Of India, Soil Erosion And Its Control; Common Farm Implements; Role Of Npk And Their Deficiency Symptoms; Manures (Fym, Compost And Green Manure) And Fertilizers (Urea, Diammonium Phosphate, Single Superphosphate And Muriate Of Potash).

Structure And Function And Cell Organelles - Mitosis And Meiosis; Gametogenesis, Fertilization And Embryogenesis; Chromosomal And Extra-Chromosomal Basis Of Inheritance;Mutation And Polyploidy; Selectionmethods, Hybridization, Backcross; Plant Growth Regulators; Elementary Knowledge Of Photosynthesis, Respiration And Nitrogen Fixation.

Isomerism; Titrimetry And Volumetry; Structure And Function Of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Enzymes And Vitamins.

Major Pests And Diseases Of Rice,Maize, Pulses, Oilseeds, Vegetables,Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane And Their Management.

Important Principles Of Economics, Structural Transformation In Economy And Its Globalization; Principles Of Extension Education; Important Rural Development Programmes In India; Organizational Set Up Of Agricultural Research, Education And Extension In India, Elements Of Statistics.

Part-II And III: Subject Paper

Agricultural Chemicals (01)

Properties And Reactions Of Organic Functional Groups; Aliphatic, Alicyclic, Aromatic And Heterocyclic Compounds; Theory And Application Of Chromatography And Spectroscopy (Ir, Uv, Nmr) In The Study Of Organic Compunds; Chemistry Of Natural Products;Mono And Sesqui-Terpenes, Steroids (Cholesterol Andvitamin D), Alkaloids (Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Pyridine, Pyrole Groups), Lipids, Carbohydrates, Plant Pigments, Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids And Proteins.

Chemical Equilibria ;Chemicalkinetics,Kinetictheory Of Gases ,Thermodynamics ;Surfacechemistry ,Colloids,Emulsions.Titrimetry, Theory Of Indicators; Redox Reactions.

Classification Of Pesticides; Chemistry Of Botanical Pesticides (Pyrethroids, Rotenoids, Icotinoids) And Synthetic Insecticides (Ddt, Bhc, Cyclodienes, Malathion, Methyl Parathion, Onocrotophos, Phorate, Carbaryl, Carbofuran), Fungicides (Bordeaux Mixture, Zineb, Captan, Ziram), Herbicides (2,4-D, Atrazine, Diuron And Butachlor), Fumigants (Edb, Edct, Aluminium Phosphide),  Rodenticides (Warfarin) And Nematicide (Nemagon); Pesticide Formulation - Definition And Classification , Surfactants; Pesticide Residue Chemistry.

Essential Plant Nutrients; Chemistry, Technology And Use Of Important Fertilizers; Clays And Clay Minerals; Soil Organic Matter, Nitrification And Denitrification ; N2-Fixation; Radioactivity And Radiotracer Techniques.

Agricultural Economics (02)

Perfect And Imperfect Competition, Theory Of Distribution, National Income Accounting, Classical Andkeynesian Theories Of Income Determination, Money-Concepts, Functions, Theories Of Demand For Money, Supply Of Money; General Equilibrium Of Product And Money Markets; Is And Lm Functions; Monetary And Fiscal Policies, Banking - Central And Commercial, Functions And Problems Of Recentmacro-Economic Policies Ofgovernment Of India; Researchmethodology, Steps In Agricultural Economics Research, Data Collection, Analysis And Report Writing; Differential And Integral Calculus, Differential Equations, Matrix Algebra, Solution Of Simultaneous Linear Equations, Linear Programming, Statistical Inference, Correlation And Regression Analysis, Time Series Analysis And Theory Of Index Numbers.

Nature And Scope Of Agricultural Production Economics Vis-A-Vis Farm Management; Farm Business Analysis, Farm Records And Farm Cost Accounting; Farm Planning And Budgeting, Production Function And Resource Allocation; Cost, Profit And Supply Functions; Nature And Analysis Of Risk In Farming; Systems Approach In Farming; Role Of Credit In Agriculture, Principles Of Agricultural Finance, Farm Financial Management, Supply And Demand For Farm Credit; Recent Innovations In The Extension Of Credit To Agriculture, Theory And Practice Of Co-Operation; Problems Of Co- Operatives, Management Of Co-Operative Institutions; Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Agricultural Projects.

Scope Of Marketing In A Developing Economy; Practice And Problems Of Marketing Agricultural Inputs And Outputs; Functions And Channels Of Marketing, Co-Operative Marketing; Agricultural Price Analysis; Demand Analysis; Problems And Prospects Of Storage And Processing Of Agricultural Products; Agricultural Exports - Problems And Prospects.

Theory Of Growth And Growth Models; Agricultural Policy, Planning And Development In India, Inter-Regional Variations In Agricultural Development, Agricultural Technology And Income Distribution; Agrarian Reforms And Output And Input Price Policies; Infrastructure And Institutions For Agricultural Development, Equity And Ecological Consideration In Agricultural Development.

Agricultural Engineering (03)

Basic Concepts In Calculus, Trignometry, Analytical Geometry, Linear Algebra And Algebra Of Real And Complex Numbers; Instrumentation For Measurement Of Forces, Torque, Temperature, Moisture, Fluid Flow; Basic Principles Of Simulation; Methods Of Statics, Dynamics And Mechanics Of Materials; Common Distributions Of Random Variables And Methods Of Statistical Inference; Energy Sources - Their Utilisation And Efficiencies On The Farm; Uses And Application Of Computers.

In Addition, Attempt Any One Of The Following Three Areas Depending Upon The Major Field Of Choice.

I. Agricultural Processing And Structures

Application Of Engineering Properties In Designs; Principle Of Heat Transfer, Boundary Layer And Turbulence; Mass Transfer Operations, Mechanisms Of Moisture Movement; Theory Of Drying, Equilibrium Moisture Content; Methods Of Storage And Milling; Design Of Material Handling Devices; Mechanical Separation; Design Consideration In Farm Structure And Animal Housing; Seed Processing Equipments; Plant Layout.

II. Farm Power And Equipment

State Of Farm Mechanisation; Testing Of Power Units And Tractor Systems; Performance Capacities Of Power And Machines On The Farm; Management Of Power And Machinery And Their Use On The Farm; Dynamics Of Machine Elements; Tillage And Tractormachines; Design Considerations In Farmmachinery And Power Units; Tractor Hydraulics, Symbols And Circuits; Ergonomic Consideration In Machine Design.

III. Soil And Water Conservation Engineering

Principles Of Fluidmechanics; Theory Of Groundwater Recharge, Collection, Analysis And Interpretation Of Hydrological Data; Principles And Practices Of Irrigation And Drainage, Soil Erosion; Types, Measurement And Control; Stream Gauging And Sedimentmonitoring; Soil Conservation Practices, Command Area Development;Watershed Management; Open Channel Flows; Design And Operation Of Water Lifting Devices; Consumptive Use Of Water; Estimation Of Evapo- Transpiration; Irrigation Water Distribution Methods; Water Harvesting; Lining Of Waterways And Canals; Modelling Of Soil-Plant-Water Relationships; Stability Of Slopes And Design Of Earthen Dams.

Agricultural Extension (04)

Objectives, Philosophy And Principles Of Extension Education; Extension Role Of Agricultural Universities; Comparative Studies Of Extension Education System In Selected Developed And Developing Countries; Different Models Of Organising Agricultural Extension, Particularly Tools Andmethodology; Agricultural Information (Knowledge) System; Teaching And Learning Processes; Principles Of Adult Learning; Audio-Visual Aids And Their Classification; Modern Communication And Information Technology; Application Of Pert/Cpm Principles Of Programme Planning Process; Agricultural And Rural Development Programmes In India.

Principles Of Extension Management, Different Theories Of Management Processess And Functions Of Managemental Organisational Set-Up For Extension Services In India Including The T & V System; Types Of Training Programmes For Extension Personnel And Farmers; Model Of Modern Training, Modern Teachnologies, Experimental Learning Methods, Entrepreneurial Development Process; Factors Affecting Extension Training.

Scope And Importance Of Psychology In Extension Education, Concept Of Human Society; Characteristics Of Rural People; Socio-Psychological Basis Of Human Behaviour, Socio-Psychological Factors In Transfer Of Technology; Social Structure; Social Interactions And Processes; Values And Norms Of Rural Social Systems; Rural Institutions; Role Of Leadership; Process Of Diffusion And Adoption; Consequences Of Adoption Of Innovations; Communication Process And Elements Of Communication; Thories Of Communication, Fundamentals Of Farm Journalism; Role Of Mass Media; Modern Electronic Media.

Process Of Scientific Research; Validity And Reliability Ofmeasuring Devices;Methods Of Observation And Data Collection; Techniques Of Tabulation; Analysis Of Data And Report Writing; Methods Of Statistical Analysis; Statistical Designs.

Agricultural Physics (05)

Scope Of Agricultural Physics; Different Forms Of Energy; First And Second Laws Of Thermodynamics, Free Energy And Work Function Relationship; Radioactivity, Law Of Radioactive Disintegration, Detection And Measurement Of Nuclear Radiation And Stable Isotopes; Concepts Of Tracer Methodology; Application Of Radioisotopes And Radiation In Agriculture; Electromagnetic Radiation, Visible And Infrared Region And Their Application To Remote Sensing In Agriculture.

Weather And Climate; Climatic Classification; Koppen And Thornthwaite Systems; Humid And Dry Climates; Continental, Maritime And Desert Climates; Climatology Of India; Western Disturbances, Cyclones, Arid And Semi- Arid Regions.

Soils Of India; Factors And Processes Of Soil Formation; Physical, Physicochemical, Biological And Mineralogical Properties Of Soils; Soil Compaction And Mechanical Impedance; Stress Strain Relationships; Structure And Physical Properties Of Water; Poiseuille’s Law, Darcy’s Law; Soil Water Retention And Movement Under Saturated And Unsaturated Conditions; Infiltration, Redistribution And Evaporation Of Soil Water; Field Water Balance And Water Use Efficiency; Soil Aeration; Gaseous Interchange; Influence Of Soil Temperature And Aeration On Crop Growth And Their Management; Soil Erosion And Control.

Agricultural Statistics (06)

Elements Of Probability Theory, Concepts Of Random Variable And Distribution Function, Conditional Probability; Bayes’ Theorem; Moments; Moment Generating And Characteristic Functions; Chebychev’s Inequality, Law Of Large Numbers; Limit Theorems; Univariate (Discrete And Continuous) Distributions; Sampling Distributions, Transformations; Multivariate Normal Distribution, Wishart’s Distribution, Hotelling’s T2; Discriminant Function; Elements Of Stochastic Processes; Theory Of Point Estimation; Cramer-Rao Inequality; Rao-Blackwell Theorem; Methods Of Estimation; Confidence Intervals; Testing Of Hypothesis, Tests Of Simple Hypothesis Against Simple Or Composite Hypothesis; Likelihood Ratio Test; Sequential Probability Ratio Test; Large Sample Tests; Non-Parametric Tests.

Concepts Of Sampling And Non-Sampling Errors; Simple Random Sampling; Stratified Sampling, Allocation Of Sample To Strata Gain Due To Stratification; Ratio And Regression Methods Of Estimation; Cluster Sampling; Two Stage Sampling; Systematic Sampling; Sampling With Probability Proportional To Size With Replacement.

Principles Of Design Of Experiments; Uniformity Trials; Completely Randomized, Randomized Block And Latin Square Designs; Missing Values In Randomized Block And Latin Square Designs; Analysis Of Non-Orthogonal Data In Two-Way Classification (Without Interaction); Factorial Experiments And Confounding In Symmetrical Factorial Experiments - Design And Anaysis Of 2n And 3n Experiments; Split And Strip Plot Designs; Balanced Incomplete Block Design (Bibd)- Parametric Relations And General Properties; Analysis Of Bibd With Recovery Of Interblock Information.

Statistical Analysis For Segregation And Linkage; Random Mating And Equilibrium In Large Populations; Inbreeding - Effects Of Finite Population Size; Polygenic Systems For Quantitative Characters; Genetic Variance And Correlation; Heritability, Repeatability; Individual, Family And Combined Selections; Selection For Improving Several Characters; Cross-Breeding.

Agronomy (07)

Principles Of Crop Production, Crop Plants In Relation To Environment, Concepts Involved In Growth Analysis; Quantitative Agro-Biological Principles And Their Validity; Classification Of Climate, Agro-Climatic Zones Of India, Their Characteristic Features; Physiological Limits Of Crop Yield And Variability In Relation To The Agro-Ecological Optimum; Types Of Tillage - Concepts And Practices.

Principles And Practices Of Weed Control In Component Crops And Cropping Systems; Crop Weed Competition, Herbicide-Formulations, Classification, Selectivity And Mode Of Action, Integrated Weed Management.

Introduction, Origin, History, Production, Distribution, Cultural Practices, Varieties, Quality, Biomass Production And Bioenergetics Of Major Field Crops, Forage, Vegetable, Spices And Condiment Crops.

Soil Fertility And Its Management; Essential Plant Nutrients, Their Functions And Deficiency Symptoms In Plants; Organic Manures, Chemical And Biofertilizers And Fertilizer Usage.

History Of Irrigated Agriculture, Soil-Water-Plant Relationship, Soil Moisture Stress And Plant Growth; Drought Resistance In Crops, Mechanisms Of Drought Tolerance, And Crop Adaptability, Soil And Plant Moisture Conservation Techniques, Water Harvesting And Other Agrotechniques For Dryland Agriculture; Measurement Of Soil Moisture, Methods Of Scheduling Irrigation, Methods Of Irrigating Crop Plants, Quality Of Irrigation Water; Watershed Management Concepts; Management Of Excess Soil Water, Agricultural Drainage, Principles And Practices; Problem Soils - Saline, Alkali, Saline-Alkali And Acid Soils, Principles And Practices And Prospects; Wasteland Management, Soil Erosion And Its Control.

Cropping Systems - Principles And Practices; Changing Cropping Patterns In Different Agro-Climatic Zones; Sustainability - Concept And Practices; Agro-Forestry Systems - Concepts And Practices.

Principles Of Experimental Designs, Analysis And Interpretation Of Data,Methods Of Statistical Analysis And Statistical Designs.

Biochemistry (08)

Importance Of Biochemistry In Plant Sciences; Plant Cell Structure, Cell Organelles And Their Function; Chemistry Of Bonding, Isomerism, Free Energy, Enthalpy And Entropy; Ph And Buffers.

Enzymes And Enzyme Kinetics; Structure, Function And Immobilization Of Enzymes;Metabolism Of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids And Nucleic Acids; Structure And Function Of Vitamins And Hormones; Metabolism Of Secondary Plant Products; Nitrate Assimilation And Biological Nitrogen Fixation; Sulphur Metabolism; Photosynthesis And Respiration.

Dna Replication, Transcription, And Translation, Regulation Of Gene Expression In Eukaryotes And Prokaryotes; Viruses And Bacteriophages; Basic Concepts Of Genetic Engineering And Its Application In Crop Improvement; Elementary Concepts Of Immunology.

Fundamental Principles Of Nutrition, Balanced Diet, Calorie And Protein Requirement, Nutritive Value Of Foods. Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Isoelectric Focusing; Ultracentrifugation; Radio Isotopic Techniques In Biochemical Studies; Spectrophotometry And Elisa.

Bioinformatics (09)

Nucleic Acids As Genetic Material; Chemistry, Structure And Function Of Dna And Rna,Genome Organization In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes; Dna Replication,Transcription Process; Rna Processing; Rna Editing; Genetic Code; Translation And Post-Translational Modifications, Function Of Genes And Genomes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Pcr And Its Applications.Genomics, Transcriptomics And Proteomics.Molecular Markers In Basic And Applied Research; Genetic Engineering And Transgenics; General Application Of Biotechnology In Agriculture

Genomic And Proteomic Databases:Ncbi/ Ebi/Expasyetc.; Swissprot, Uniprotkb, Pir-Psd, Pdb, Prosite, Blocks, Pfam/Prodom Etc. Concepts Of Sequence Analysis, Pairwise Sequence Alignment Algorithms: Needleman

&Wunsch, Smith & Waterman,Blast And Fasta.Scoring Matrices For Nucleic Acids And Proteins: Pam, Blosum.Multiple Sequence Alignment. Sequence Based Gene Prediction And Its Function Identification. Protein Structure Prediction And Homology Modelling.Molecular Dynamics Simulation And Docking. Visualization Of Tertiary Structures, Quaternary Structures, Architectures And Topologies Of Proteins Using Molecular Visualization Softwares Such As Rasmol, Cn3d, Spdbv, Chime, Mol4d Etc. Phylogenetic Trees And Their Comparison, Phylogenetic Analysis Algorithms: Maximum Parsimony, Upgma, Neighbor-Joining.

Theory Of Probability.Randomvariable Andmathematical Expectation. Probability Distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distributions And Their Applications. Concept Of Sampling Distribution: T, Chi-Squareand F Distributions. Tests Of Significance Based On Normal, T, Chi-Squareand F Distributions. Population Genetics: Hardy –Weinberg Law, Effect Of Systematic Forces On Changes In Gene Frequency. Foundations For Machine Learning Techniques: Unsupervised And Supervised Learning, Cross Validation Techniques, Markov Model, Hidden Markov Model.

Computer Programming Languages: Perl, Bio Perl And Java Programming, Object Oriented Programming, Classes, Objects, Data Types, Operators And Expressions. Data Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Inheritance.Overview Of Dbms; Data Associations - Entities,Attributes Andassociations, Relationship Among Entities, Representation Of Associations And Relationship, Data Model Classification.Structured Query Language (Sql) - Data Definition Language (Ddl), Data Manipulation Language (Dml).

Computer Application (10)

Computer Organisation And Architecture - Boolean Algebra, Number System, Basic Concepts Of Floating Point Number System, Sequential And Combinational Circuits, Input/Output Unit, Memory Organisation, Alu And Control Unit, Instruction And Execution Cycle In Cpu, Introduction To Microprocessors, Interrupts, Cisc And Risc Architecture.

Programming Language (C++/Java) – Computer Algorithms, Flow Charts, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Building Blocks, Control Structures,Arrays, Pointers, Dynamic Memory Allocation, File Management, Graphics.

Internet Programming- Hyper Text Markup Language (Html), Building Static And Dynamic Web Pages, Client Side And Server Side Scripting Languages, Interaction With Database.

Data Structures – Representation Of Character, String And Their Manipulation, Linear List Structure, Stack, Queue, Heaps, Linked List, Arrays, Tree, Graph, Sorting And Searching Algorithms.

Software Engineering – Requirement Analysis And Specification, Software Development Phases, Process Models, Project Structure, Project Team Structure, Role Of Metrics, Measurement, Software Quality Factors, Coding Tools And Techniques, Testing, Maintenance, Gantt Charts, Pert And Cpm, Case Tools.

Networking – Types Of Networks, Network Topology, Network Operating Systems, Network Management, Data Communication And Transmission, Iso-Osi Reference Model, Tcp/Ip Reference Model, Internet Standards And Services, Cryptography, Data Compression, Authentication And Firewalls.

Compilers And Translators – Regular Expression, Finite Automata, Formal Languages, Finite Statemachines, Lexical Analysis, Semantic Analysis, Parsing Algorithms, Symbol Tables, Error Handling, Intermediate Code Optimization, Machine Code Generation, Machine Dependent Optimization.

Operating System – Process Management: Inter-Process Communication, Process Scheduling; Memory Management: Swapping, Virtual Memory, Paging And Segmentation; Device Management: Deadlocks, Semaphores; File Systems –Files, Directories, Security And Protection Mechanisms; Distributed Operating Systems.

Data Base Management System– Definition And Features, Data Models, Relational Database: Logical And Physical Structure, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Database Design, Normalization, Concurrency Control, Security And Integrity, Query Processing And Optimization, Indexes, Backup And Recovery; Distributed Databases – Concepts, Architecture, Design; Structured Query Language (Sql), Pl/Sql.

Numerical Analysis – Interpolation, Numerical Integration, Solution Of Ordinary Differential Equations, Solution Of Linear And Non-Linear System Of Equations; Statistical Methods – Summarization Of Data, Frequency Distribution, Measures Of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness And Kurtosis, Test Of Significance Based On Normal, Chi-Square, T And F Distributions, Curve Fitting, Point Estimation.

Entomology (11)

Position Of Insects In Animal Kingdom - Their Origin, Phylogeny And Distribution; History And Basis Of Insect Classification; Distinguishing Characters Of Insect Orders And Economically Important Families; Concept Of Species And Speciation; Rules And Regulations Of Zoological Nomenclature; Morphology - External And Internal; Embryonic And Post-Embryonic Development.

Insect Ecology - Biotic Potential, Biotic And Abiotic Resistance, Effect Of Temperature, Humidity And Light On Insect Development And Population Dynamics; Diapause, Food Chain, Migration And Dispersal.

Fundamentals Of Insect Physiology, Different Systems, Their Structure And Function, Metabolism, Sense Organs, Insect Behaviour, Host Plant Relationship.

Social And Other Beneficial Insects; Pests Of Field Crops And Stored Food; Principles Of Pest Control; Classification, Mode Of Action And Metabolism Of Insecticides; Insecticidal Residues; Resistance And Resurgence; Parasites, Predators And Pathogenic Microoganisms Of Crop Pests, Biological Control.

Antifeedants, Hormones, Growth Regulators, Semiochemicals, Host-Plant Resistance And Genetic Manipulation, Insect Quarantine; Concept Of Integrated Pest Management; Non-Insect Pests And Their Control.

Environmental Sciences (12)

Fundamentals Of Components Of Environment - Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere, Pedosphere And Their Interaction, Energy Flow In Ecosystems; Ecosystems Of The World;  Biogeographic Regions; Soil As A Biological Habitat; Distribution And Types Of Soil Organisms And Their Significance In Soil Productivity; Bio-Geochemical Cycles In Different Ecosystems; Agro-Ecological Regions Of India; Global Climatic Changes - Greenhouse Gases And Their Impact On Agriculture; Biotic And Abiotic Interactions And Their Significance; Natural Resources - Effect Of Anthropogenic Factors On The Degradation Of Natural Resources; Conventional And Nonconventional Sources Of Energy; Environmental Issues In Agriculture And Environmental Impact Assessment; Environmental Pollution And Agricultural Productivity; Sources Of Soil, Water And Air Pollution; Inter-Relationships Of Crop And Animal Production Systems With Environmental Pollution In Different Eco-Systems; Management Of Rural Water And Agro-Industrial Effluents, Environmental Laws; Analytical Techniques For Major Environmental Pollutants; Spectrophotometry, Chromatography; Basic Chemodynamics Of Environmental Pollutants; Chemistry Of Fossilfuels, Fluorocarbon, Nitrogen, Carbon, Halogens, Phosphorus, Heavy Metals And Their Compounds; Pesticides And Other Hazardous Chemicals, Basic Photochemistry.

Genetics (13)

Structure And Function Of Cell And Cell Organelles, Cell Cycle; Mitosis And Meiosis; Nucleic Acids - Their Structure; Mendelian Principles; Chromosome Structure And Organization; Types Of Chromosomes; Chromosome Function; Linkage And Crossing Over - Theories And Molecular Mechanism; Recombination And Gene Mapping In Diploids, Fungi, Bacteria, And Human; Ploidy Variations - Euploids And Aneuploids; Chromosomal Aberrations; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Genemutation-Mechanism, Induction; Gene Concept; Complementation, Genetic Fine Structure; Genetic Code, Information Transfer And Protein Synthesis, Gene Regulation And Gene Manipulation; Gene Transfer Technology; Origin And Evolution Of Important Crop Plants Like Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sugarcane, Potato, Brassica, Cotton, Etc.

Genetic Basis Of Plant Breeding; Pure Line Selection; Male Sterility And Incompatibility And Their Use In Plant Breeding; Pedigree Selection, Mass Selection And Backcross Method Of Selection; Heterosis; Plant Introduction And Exploration And Their Role In Plant Breeding; Breeding For Disease, Insect And Pest Resistance; Role Of Interspecific And Intergeneic Hybridisation; Population Improvement Procedures; Recurrent Selection Techniques; Combining Ability And Its Relationship With The Components Of Gene Action; Seed Production Techniques; Selection Methods And Changes In Gene Frequencies; Mutation And Its Role In Breeding; Use Of Biotechnology In Plant Breeding. Molecular Markers And Their Applications In Genetic Analysis And Plant Breeding.

Horticulture (14)

Choose Any One The Following Subdisciplines

I. Floriculture And Landscape Architecture

 Importance And Scope Of Floriculture, Garden Designs And Styles, Lawns And Their Management; Origin, Classification And Description Of Commercially Important Floricultural Crops; Factors Affecting Growth And Flowering Of Ornamental Plants; Methods Of Propagation Including Tissue Culture; Growing Of Cut Flower Crops Under Protected Conditions; Pre-And Post-Harvest Care Of Cut Flowers; Recent Advances In Production Technology For Rose, Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus, Carnation, Orchids, Jasmines, Tuberose, Marigold And Antirhinum; Growing Of Bougainvilleas.

Role Of Male-Sterility, Self-Incompatibility, Polyploidy And Mutations In The Evolution Of New Varieties Of Flowers; Heterosis Breeding; Male-Sterility And Its Use In The Production Of F1 Hybrids; Breeding For Disease Resistance; Use Of Antitranspirants In Increasing Shelf-Life Of Plants And Flowers; Role Of Growth Regulators In Ornamental Plants.

Important Statistical Designs; Methods Of Their Statistical Analysis; General Principles Of Fruits And Vegetable Production, Major Methods Of Preservation And Processing Of Horticultural And Ornamental Crops.

Ii.Fruits Science

    Area And Production Of Fruits, Climatic And Soil Requirement, Cultivation Practices Of Major Fruit Crops Like Mango, Citrus, Banana, Grape, Papaya, Guava, Pineapple, Loquat, Phalsa, Jackfruit, Mangosteen, Sapota, Cashewnut, Ber, Pomegranate, Date Palm, Aonla And Temperate Fruits Like Apple, Pear, Peach, Almond, Plum, Apricot And Cherry.

Principles Of Pruning And Training, Weed Control; Modern Methods Of Propagation Including Micropropagation And Use Of Growth Regulators In Fruit Crops; Water Management; Classification Of Fruit Crops; Use Of Biofertilizers; Rootstocks And High Density Orcharding.

Improvement Of Plant Types Of Important Fruit Crops; Physiological Manipulations For Overcoming Problems Like Biennial Bearing, Spongy Tissue, Malformation, Necrosis And Black Tip In Mango; Delayed Maturity And Uneven Ripening In Grapes And Granulation In Citrus.

Important Statistical Designs; Methods Of Their Statistical Analysis; General Principles Of Flower And Vegetable Production; Major Methods Of Preservation And Processing Of Horticultural Crops

Iii. Vegetable Science

       Area And Production Of Vegetable Crops In India, Climatic And Soil Requirements, Seed Production Techniques In Vegetable Crops And Related Problems.

Origin, Classification, Cytogenetics, Floral Biology And Breeding Behaviour Of Different Vegetables; Methodology For The Improvement Of Different Self-And Cross-Pollinated Vegetable Crops Including Breeding For Disease And Insect Resistance; Mendel’s Laws Of Inheritance.

Role Of Different Nutrients, Their Deficiency Symptoms And Remedial Measures; Improved Vegetable Production Technology.

Important Statistical Designs And Methods Of Statistical Analysis General Principles Of Fruits And Flower Production; Major Methods Of Preservation And Processing Of Horticultural Crops.

Microbiology (15)

Origin And Development Of Microbiology; Classification Of Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa; Microscopy; Methods Of Isolation, Pure Cultures, Enumeration, Sterilization, Preservation; Morphology And Reproduction In Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Algae, Viruses.

Microorganisms In Food, Fermented Foods; Spoilages Of Food; Food - Borne Diseases; Microbial Pollution Of Air And Water; Water Purification; Energy And Metabolic Pathways In Microorganisms; Fermentation And Industrially Useful Microbial Processes - Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Ethanol, Vinegar, Production Of Antibiotics, Enzymes, Vitamins, Amino Acids; Mutations And Genetic Recombination, Transformation, Transduction And Conjugation; Soilmicroogranisms And Their Activities; Rhizosphere And Phylloshpere; Microbial Association, Microbial Decomposition Of Organic Wastes, Composting And Biogas; Nitrification And Denitrification; Symbiotic And Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation; Microbial Transformation Of Phosphates; Use Of Microorganisms And Biofertilizers.

Molecular Biology And Biotechnology (16)

Structure And Organization Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cells; Organization And Expression Of Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Genome; Concept Of Gene; Quantitative Trait Loci, Mutation; Genetic Recombination; Transformation; Transduction; Conjugation; Structure, Function And Regulation Of Genes In Pro- And Eukaryotes; Transcription And Translation; Recombinant Dna, Restriction Enzymes, Vectors, Plasmids, Cosmids And Bacteriophages, Expression Vectors, Cloning Strategies, Construction And Screening Of Genomic And Cdna Libraries, Nucleic Acid Hybridisation And Dna Sequencing; Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; Monoclonal Antibodies And Their Application; Enzyme Engineering; Genetic Transformation Of Eukaryotes; Crop Improvement Through Genetic Engineering; Role Of Tissue Culture In Crop Improvement; Microbes In Agriculture And Industry; Structure And Function Of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Enzymes; Metabolism, Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle; Respiration, Bioenergetics; Nucleic Acid And Protein Biosynthesis; Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Fixation.

Nematology (17)

History Of Nematology; Importance Of Nematodes In Agriculture And Public Health; Techniques In Nematology; Broader Classification Of Nematodes, Important Plant Parasitic Nematode Genera And Their Identification, Principles Of Classification; Gross Morphology Of Nematodes.

Biology Of Nematodes; Physiology Of Digestion; Intermediary Metabolism And Excretion In Nematodes; Symptomatology, Histopathology And Host Specialization.

Important Plant Diseases By Nematodes; Ecological Factors Influencing Nematode Activities And Population Dynamics; Principles Of Nematode Control And Nematode Management.

Plant Genetic Resources (18)

Biodiversity And Agricultural Intensification; Origin And History Of Agriculture; Ecosystem Diversity, Ecological Basis Of Genetic Variations And Adaptation; Domestication, Introduction And Adaptation Of Economically Important Plants; Centres Of Crop Plant Origin And Diversity; Taxonomy Of Cultivated Plants; Origin, Evolution, Global Distribution And Economic Use Of Important Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fruits, Vegetables, Commercial Crops And Medicinal Plants; Indian Gene Centre; Genetic Variation In Crop Plants And Management Of Germplasm Collections - Principles Of Collecting Plant Genetic Resources (Pgr) - Sampling Strategies, Parameters Of Genetic Diversity; Principles And Strategies Of Germplasm Regeneration - Considerations For Regeneration Of Self And Cross-Pollinated Crops; Characterization, Diversity Analysis And Evaluation Of Plant Germplasm Using Morphological, Biochemical And Molecular Approaches; Strategies Of Pgr Conservation - Ex Situ And In Situ Conservation, Biotechnological Approaches For Conservation - In Vitro Conservation, Cryopreservation; Seed Structure, Physiology, Biochemistry And Storage Biology; Policy Issues - Exchange Of Pgr, Plant Quarantine, Ipr Related Aspects; National And International Programmes, Global Plant Genetic Resources Networks.

Plant Pathology (19)

Landmarks And Pioneers Of Plant Pathology; Theory Of Microscopy And Staining; Structural And Physiological Differences Amongst Fungi And Fungi Like Organism, Bacteria, Rickettsias, Phytoplasma And Spiroplasma, Viruses And Viroids; Principles Of Culturing And Preservation Of Pathogens; Characteristic Symptoms; Host-Parasite Relationships And Its Basis; Symbiosis; Economically Important Diseases Of Crop Plants Induced By Fungi And Fungi Like Organism, Bacteria, Rickettsias, Phytoplasma And Spiroplasma, Viruses And Viroids; Phanerogamic Parasites, Non-Parasitic Diseases; Nutrition, Growth, Reproduction, Life Cycle, Ultrastructure, Genetics And Classification Of Microorganisms; Mendelian Principles; Cell Structure; Seed Germination; Origin Of Life And Evolution; Beneficial Microorganisms Including Mycorrhiza; Variation In Phytopathogens And Their Ecology; Introductory Epidemiology; Transmission And Detection Of Pathogen; Host Resistance; Seed -Borne Pathogens And Plant Quarantine; Chemical And Biological Control, Integrated Management Practices.

Plant Physiology (20)

Atoms, Molecules And Ions; Molarity, Molality And Normality; Ph, Buffers, Solutions And Colloids; Permeability, Diffusion And Osmosis; Cell Structure And Function; Structure And Metabolic Role Of Cell Organelles; Structure And Function Of Chloroplast; Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosystems, Electron Transport, Atp Synthesis, C3, C4 And Cam Pathways; Redox Potential; Photorespiration, Chemosynthesis, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Glycolysis, Hmp, Tca And Glyoxylate Cycles; Macro - And Micro-Nutrient Elements And Their Functions, Deficiency Symptoms, Role In Metabolism; Characterization, Biosynthesis, Isolation And Role Of Plant Hormones; Enzyme - Mode And Mechanismof Action; Concept Of Water Status, Water Potential And Its Components, Water Uptake, Transpiration, Stomatal Physiology, Xylem And Phloem Transport; Photoperiodism, Vernalization And Flowering, Florigen Concept, Phytochrome; Nitrogen Metabolism Including Nitrate Reduction, Ammonia Assimilation, Transamination, Protein Synthesis, Nitrogen Fixation; Sulphur Metabolism; Fatty Acid Synthesis And Degradation.

Abscission And Senescence; Seed Physiology; Dormancy; Growth Analysis, Measurement Of Key Growth Functions Such As Nar, Lai, Rgr, Growth Response In Relation To Environmental Factors; Crop Canopies And Light Utilization; Source-Sink Relationship, Dry Matter Partitioning; Physiological Basis Of Crop Productivity - Case Histories Of Some Crop Plants Viz, Cereals, Grain Legumes And Oilseeds; Environmental Stresses Viz, High And Low Temperature, Light, Water, Salinity, Alkalinity, Their Terminology And Measurement Techniques; Basic Principles Of Methodology/Instrumentation In Plant Physiological Research E.G., Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Centrifugation, Radioactivity; Electrophoresis, Hydroponics; Sex Expression; Phytotronics; Environmental Pollution, Green House Effects; Foliar Nutrition, Tissue Culture; Post Harvest Physiology, Plant Physiology In Relation To Molecular Biology.

Post Harvest Technology (21)

Choose Any One The Following Subdisciplines

I. Post Harvest Technology For Horticultural Crops

Role Of Fruits And Vegetables In Human Nutrition; Knowledge Of Post-Harvest Physiology With Special Reference To Ripening; Role Played By Ethylene, Respiration And Transpiration.

Biochemical Changes In Fruits And Vegetables; Important Nutrients And Enzymes Associated With Fresh And Stored Fruits And Vegetables; Storage Of Fresh Fruits, Vegetables And Flowers; Various Methods Of Fruit And Vegetable Preservation Such As Heat Processing, Drying, Dehydration, Refrigeration, Freezing And Chemical Preservation.

Principal Methods For Control Of Microorganisms; Nature Of Microorganisms Associated With Fermented Fruits, Vegetables And Their Products, Spoilage In Canned Fruits And Vegetable And Their Control Measures, Laboratory Methods For Quality Control; Bacterial Diseases And Food Poisoning; Food Laws; Utilization Of Horticultural Wastes;

Important Statistical Designs And Methods Of Their Statistical Analysis; General Principles Of Fruit, Flower And Vegetable Production.

Ii . Post Harvest Engineering And Technology

Thermodynamics Applied To Processing. Fluid Flow Analyses, Test Of Hypothesis, Multiple Regression, Similitude And Dimensional Analysis, Instrumentation Involved In Food Engineering And Fundamentals Of Computers.

Losses At Different Stages Of The Food Chain, Grading, Cleaning And Sorting, Shelling, Dehusking And Decorticating, Milling And Polishing. Parboiling, Drying, Size Reduction, Granulation And Briquetting, Crystallization, Filtration, Evaporation, Distillation, Mixing, Clarification And Densification. Coagulation, Washing, Sizing And Mechanical Separation. Sedimentation, Pressing And Expelling. Pelletization, Extrusion, Stabilization And Cryogenics, Agricultural Commodity Handling Technology, Handling Of Agricultural Wastes, Handling Of Value Added Products, Grain Storage Structures, On-Farm And Commercial Storage Structures For Agricultural Produce.

Machineries For Processing Of Agricultural Products - Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fruits And Vegetables. Cost Scheduling And Appraisal. Pert And Cpm Techniques. Design Of Structure And Equipment For Agricultural Product Handling Including Feed And Waste. Design Of Heat Exchangers, Dryers, Humidifiers, Crystallizers, Evaporators, Separators, Filters, Refrigeration And Milling Equipments.

Seed Science And Technology (22)

Cell Structure And Function; Cell Division; Pollination, Fertilization And Embryogenesis; Apomixis; Mendelian Principles; Linkage; Recombination And Gene Mapping; Ploidy Variations - Euploids And Aneuploids; Chromosomal Aberrations; Extra-Chromosomal Inheritance; Mutation; Genetic Basis Of Plant Breeding; Pure Line, Pedigree And Mass Selection; Backcross And Recurrent Selection Techniques; Heterosis And Combining Ability; Male Sterility And Incompatibility And Their Use In Plant Breeding And Hybrid Seed Production; Chemical Composition Of Seeds; Biosynthesis Of Carbohydrates, Proteins And Fats; Mechanism And Factors Determining Seed Germination And Dormancy; Germination Inhibitors And Promoters; Endogenous Hormonal Regulation Of Germination And Dormancy; Breaking Of Dormancy; Seed Vigour And Viability; Seed Quality Concept; System Of Seed Quality Control; Testing, Release And Notification Of Varieties, Deterioration Of Varieties; Maintenance Of Genetic Purity; Area Of Seed Production; Management Of Hybrid Seed Production - Isolation And Synchronization Of Flowering; Role Of Insect Pollinators And Their Efficiency; Factors Responsible For Mechanical Injury To Seed; Seed Legislation; Seed Certification - Concept And Procedures; Measurement Of Seed Quality; Metabolic Changes Associated With Seed Deterioration; Seed Packaging, Storage And Marketing; Insect Ecology; Principles Of Insect Control In Field Crops; Integrated Pest Management; Fumigation And Chemical Treatment For Pest Control In Store; Fungal, Bacterial And Viral Seed Borne Diseases Of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds And Vegetables And Their Control; Seed Moisture; Seed Drying And Processing; History Of Seed Industry In India; National And International Organisations For Seed Quality Control And Trade.

Soil Science And Agricultural Chemistry (23)

Rocks And Minerals; Mineral Weathering And Soil Formation; Classification Of Soils, Major Soils Of India; Principal Silicate Structures; Nature And Properties Of Organic And Inorganic Constituents Of Soils, Ion Exchange Phenomenon; Activity Of Ions In Soil System; Fixation And Release Of Nutrients.

Soil Fertility Evaluation; Movement Of Water; Problemsoils, Soil-Related Constraints In Crop Production And Remedial Measures, Soil Amendments; Soil And Water Conservation; Sampling And Analytical Procedures For Soils, Plants, Water, Manures, Fertilizers And Soil Amendments; Quality Of Irrigation Water; Fertilizer Recommendations; Soil Organic Matter, Soil Microflora; Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorus Cycles; Biofertilizers; Phosphate Solubilization; Darcy’s Law; Fick’s Law, Steady And Transient State Diffusion In Soils.

Essential Plant Nutrients; Manures; Utilization Of Organic Wastes And Industrial By-Products; Fertilizers And Their Production, Properties And Usage; Secondary And Micronutrients.

Water Science And Technology (24)

History Of Water Conservation; Hydrometeorological Resources Of India And The World; Physical, Chemical, Biological Properties Of Water; Water Resources Of India; Irrigation Development In India; Command Area Development; Basic Concepts Of Soil And Fluid Mechanics; Infiltration; Seepage; Darcy’s Law; Stokes’ Law; Bernoulli’s Theorem; Hydraulic Conductivity; Surface Tension; Soil Water Flow; Composition Of Atmosphere And Its Constituents; Climate Characterization, Climatic Change, Flood, Monsoon; Rain, Water Harvesting, Ground Water Recharge And Conservation; Microclimate; Various Types Of Droughts, Drought Indices, Climatic Water Balance, Surface And Ground Water Quality; National And International Water Quality Standards; Irrigation With Poor Quality Water; Water Purification Systems/Procedures For Rural And Urban Population; Subsurface Drainage System; Drainage For Salinity Control.

Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Lysimetric Studies Of Crops; Crop Water Requirement; Plant Growth Processes; Water Stress In Plant; Irrigation Scheduling; Field Water Balance; Soil-Plant-Water Relationship; Basic Concepts Of Soil Physics, Irrigation Methods, Irrigation Efficiencies; Water Distribution Networking (Large And Moderate Scale); Pressurized Irrigation System And Its Design.

Ground Water Hydraulics; Isotope Hydrology; Application Of Stable And Radioisotopes In Water Resources Development; Geophysical Techniques In Ground Water; Surface Hydrology; Hydrometeorology; Watershed Based Water Management; Soil And Water Conservation Practices; Role Of Integrated Water Resource Management For Sustainable Development; Degradation Of Soil And Water Resources And Their Mitigation Measures.

Water Rights; Water Laws; Water Disputes; Water Pricing; Water Users Associations; Use Of Remote Sensing And Gis In Water Resource Management; Decision Support System, Expert System For Planning And Operation Of Water Resources.

For More Details Refer the official Website.

http://agroweb.icar.gov.in/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=4ef8eced-8fbd-4d10-8b56-b92b715bec94&groupId=11204