AIET Engineering 2021 M.Tech syllabus

D.Y.Patil University All India Entrance Examination ( AIET ) Entrance Examination syllabus for M. Tech  – 2014

1. M. Tech Biotechnology

2. M. Tech Bioinformatics

3. M. Sc. Biotechnology

4. M. Sc. Genetic Engineering

5. M. Sc. Food Science and Technology

6. M.Sc. Immunology

 BIOCHEMISTRY

Organization of life. Importance of water. Cell structure and organelles. Structure and function of biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic acids. Biochemical separation techniques. Spectroscopic methods; UV-visible and fluorescence. Protein structure, folding and function: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin. Enzyme kinetics and regulation, Coenzymes.

Metabolism and bioenergitics. Generation and utilization of ATP. Photosynthesis. Major metabolic pathways and their regulation. Biological membranes. Transport across membranes. Signal transduction; hormones and neurotransmitters.

 DNA replication, transcription and translation. Biochemical regulation of gene expression.

Recombinant DNA technology and applications. Genomics and Proteomics.

 The immune system. Active and passive immunity. Compliment system. Antobody structure function and diversity. Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages. T and B cell activation. Major histocompatibilty complex. T cell receptor: Immunology techniques: Immunodiffusion immunoelectrophoresis, RIA and ELISA.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Recombinant DNA technology, Architecture of plant genome; plant tissue culture, methods of gene transfer into plant cells; manipulation of phenotypic traits in plants; production of secondary metabolites using suspension and immobilized cell culture; methods of plant micropropagation; crop improvement and development of transgenic plants. Animal cell metabolism and regulation; nutritional requirements for animal cell culture; production of vaccines; growth hormones using animal cell culture, hybridoma technology, vectors for gene transfer and expression and regulation of gene.

FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY

Scope of biotechnology in food & beverage industry , elementary ideas of canning & packing, sterilization & pasteurization of food products. Factors affecting spoilage, methods of food prservation, quality control of food, detecting systems- ELISA, RIA, monoclonal antibodies & DNA probes. Dairy products- General points, cheese, yoghurt, butter, cultured buttermilk, cultured sour milk, novel products. Cereal products- Bread & baked goods, starch hydrolytes.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Historical aspects of plants cell, tissue and organ culture, PTC lab, aseptic conditions, nutritional components of tissue culture medium. Initiation & maintenance of callus, organogenesis, plant propagation through tissue culture micropropagations of flowering plants, commercial applications. Somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seeds. Plant Cell cultures as a system for production of fine chemicals, plant suspension cultures, enhancement of product formation, biotransformations, hairy root cultures.

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Animal Cell Cultures, advantages & limitations, major differences in vitro, types of tissue culture, Biology of cultured cells, environment, cells proliferation, kinetics, differentiation, energy metabolism, initiation & maintenance of culture, development of continuous cell line. Applications of animal cell cultures. Production of vaccines, growth hormones, hybidoma technology.

BASIC TECHNIQUES IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

Restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, construction of DNA & genomic DNA library, cloning strategies, growth & selection of transformed cells. Analysis of gene & gene transcripts, colony hybridization, Southern hybridization, DNA sequencing , PCR.

Application of DNA technology in diagnosis, of diseases gene therapy, genetically engineered bacteria in agriculture & therapeutics. Transgenic animals - fish, mice, sheep, methodology of transgenesis. Ethical & regulatory issues Transgenic plants - Artificial & natural methods of gene transfer, transgenic plants, edible vaccines.

LIFE SCIENCES

Anatomy: Roots, stem and leaves of land plants, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions.

Plant cell structure, organization organelles, cytoskeleton, cell wall and membranes.  

Development: cell cycle, cell division, senescence, hormonal regulation of growth; life cycle of angiosperm, pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed formation, seed storage proteins, seed dormancy and germination.

Concept of cellular totipotency, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation, embryo culture in vitro fertilization.  

Physiology and Biochemistry: Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, N2 metabolism, proteins and nucleic acid, respiration, photophysiology, photosynthesis,photorespiration; biosynthesis, Mechanism of action and physiological effect of plant growth regulators.

 Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and genetic mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; eukaryotic genome organization (chromatin structure) and regulation of gene expression, gene mutation, chromosome aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons. Plant breeding: principles, methods- selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, self and inter- specific incompatibility; haploidy; somatic cell hybridization; molecular marker assisted selection; gene transfer methods viz direct and vector-mediated, transgenic plants and their applications in agriculture.

 Economic Botany: Economically important plants- cereals, pulses, plants yielding fiber, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics a general account.  

Systematics: Systems of classification (non-phylogenetic vs. phylogenetic- outline). Plant groups, molecular systematics.  

Plant Pathology: Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses and their control measures mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance.

 Ecology and Plant geography: ecosystems types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession; food chains; vegetation types of the world; pollution and global warming; speciation and extinction, conservation strategies.

 Animal world: Animal diversity, distribution, systematic and classification of animals, the phylogenetic relationship.

 Evolution: Origin of life, history of life on earth, evolutionary theories; natural selection, adaptation, speciation.

 Genetics: Principles of Inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, the genetic material, transmission of genetic material, mutations, cytoplasmic inheritance.

 Cell biology: Structure of cell, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, cellular differentiation, chromosome and chromatin structure. Eukaryotic gene organization and expression.

 Animal Anatomy and Physiology: Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, osmoregulation.

 Parasitology and Immunology: Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response, evolution of the immune system.

 Development Biology: Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, genetic basis of development.

 Ecology: the ecosystem, habitats the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conversation biology.

 Animal Behaviour: Types of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of animal behaviour.

MICROBIOLOGY

Historical perspective- Discovery of the microbial world; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases 

Methods in microbiology- Pure culture techniques; theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition: Construction of culture media; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganisms.

 Microbial evolution- Systematics and taxonomy- Evolution of earth and earliest life forms; Primitive organisms and their metabolic strategies; new Approaches to bacterial taxonomic classification.  

Microbial Diversity- Bacteria archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes, yeast, fungi, slime mold and protozoa; Viruses and their classification.  

Microbial growth- the definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture.  

Nutrition and metabolism - Overview of metabolism; microbial nutrition; Energy classes of microorganism; Culture media; Energetics, modes of ATP generation by heterotrophs; Fermentation; Glycolysis; Respiration; The citric acid cycle; Electron transport systems; Alternate mode of energy generation; Pathways (anabolism) in the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and fatty acids.

 Metabolic diversity among microorganisms Photosynthesis in microorganisms; Role of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins; calvin cycle; Chemolithotrophy; Hydrogen- iron- nitrite- oxidizing bacteria; Nitrate and sulfate reduction; methanogenesis and acetogenesis.  

Prokaryotic cells: structure function- Cells walls of eubacteria (peptidoglycan) and related molecules; Outer-membrane of gram- negative bacteria; Cell wall and cell membrane synthesis; Flagella and motility; Cell inclusions like endospores, gas vehicles

Microbial diseases an host parasite relationships- Normal microflora of skin; Oral cavity; Gastrointestinal tract; Entry of pathogens into the host; Infectious disease transmission; Respiratory infections caused by bacteria and viruses; Tuberculosis; Sexually transmitted disease including AIDS; Diseases transmitted by animals ( Rabies, plague ), insects and tics (rikettsias, lyme disease, malaria); Food and water borne diseases; Public health and water quality; Pathogenic fungi; Emerging and resurgent infectious diseases.

 Chemotheraphy / Antibiotics- Antimicrobial agents; Sulfa drugs; Antibiotics: Pencilins and cephalosporins; Broad- spectrum antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes; Antifungal antibiotics; Mode of action; Resistance to antibiotics,

 Microbial genetics- Gene mutation and mutagenesis- UV and chemical mutagnes; Types of mutations; Ames test for mutagenesis; Methods of genetic analysis. Bacterial genetic system- Transformation; Conjugation; Transduction; Recombination; Plasmids and Transposons; Bacterial genetic map with reference to E.coli Viruses and their genetic system- Phage- lambada and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; retroviruses; Genetic systems of yeast and neurospora; Extrachromosomal inheritance and mitochondrial genetics; basic concept of genomics.