Concentration of urine depends upon which part of the nephron ______.

(a)

Bowman's capsule

(b)

Length of Henle's loop

(c)

P.C.T.

(d)

Network of capillaries arising from glomerulus

The end product of Ornithine cycle is _____.

(a)

carbon dioxide

(b)

uric acid

(c)

urea

(d)

ammonia

Podocytes are the cells present on the ______.

(a)

Outer wall of Bowman's capsule

(b)

Inner wall of Bowman's capsule

(c)

Neck of nephron

(d)

Wall glomerular capillaries

Kidney stones are produced due to deposition of uric acid and ______.

(a)

Silicates

(b)

Minerals

(c)

Calcium carbonate

(d)

Calcium oxalate

Malpighian tubules remove excretory products from _____.

(a)

mouth

(b)

oesophagus

(c)

haemolymph

(d)

alimentary canal

The glomerular hydrostatic pressure is estimated to be______________

(a)

60 mm/ Hg

(b)

55 mm / Hg

(c)

110 mm / Hg

(d)

75 mm / Hg

Differentiate cortical from medullary nephrons

Which vessels drain filtered blood from the kidneys?

Name the three main hormones that are involved in the regulation of the renal function?

Explain the heart’s role in secreting a hormone that regulates renal function? What hormone is this?

Name any four nitrogenous waste products produced by animals.

What is vasa recta?

Name the processes involved in urine formation.

What is kidney transplantation?

Name the three filtration barriers that solutes must come across as they move from plasma to the lumen of Bowman's capsule. What components of the blood are usually excluded by these layers?

In which segment of the nephron most of the re-absorption of substances takes place?

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in micturition process?

Differentiate protonephridia from metanephridia

How is urea formed in the human body?

Differentiate acute and chronic Renal failure.

Identify the following structures and explain their significance in renal physiology?
(a) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
(b) Podocytes
(c) Sphincters in the bladder

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? Where is it produced and what stimuli increases or decreases its secretion?

Explain the structure of nephron.

What is tubular secretion? Name the substances secreted through the renal tubules.