Name the three filtration barriers that solutes must come across as they move from plasma to the lumen of Bowman's capsule. What components of the blood are usually excluded by these layers?

What forces promote glomerular filtration? What forces opposes them? What is meant by net filtration pressure?

When a molecule or ion is reabsorbed from the lumen of the nephron, where does it go? If a solute is filtered and not reabsorbed from the tubule, where does it go?

Match each of the following substances. with its mode of transportation in proximal tubular reabsorption.

(a) Na+	Simple diffusion
(b) Glucose	Primary active transport
(c) Urea	Indirect active transport
(d) Plasma	Paracellular movement
(e) Proteins	Facilitated diffusion
(f) Water	Endocytosis

Which segment is the site of secretion and regulated reabsorption of ions and pH homeostasis?

What solute is normally present in the body to estimate GFR in humans?

Match the following terms.

(a) \(\alpha \) -receptor	Afferent arteriole
(b) Autoregulation	Basal lamina
(c) Bowman's capsule	Capillary blood pressure
(d) Capsule fluid pressure	Colloid osmotic Pressure
(e) Glomerulus	GFR
(f) Podocyte	JG cells
(g) Vasoconstriction	Plasma proteins

If the afferent arteriole of the nephron constricts, what happens to the GFR in that nephron? If the efferent arteriole constricts what happens to the GFR in that nephron? Assume that no auto regulation takes place.

How is the process of micturition altered by toilet training?

How is urea formed in the human body?