Define ecology.

What is ecological hierarchy? Name the levels of ecological hierarchy. 

What are ecological equivalents? Give one example

Distinguish habitat and niche

Why are some organisms called as eurythermals and some others as stenohaline ?

‘Green algae are not likely to be found in the deepest strata of the ocean’. Give at least one reason.

What is Phytoremediation ?

What is Albedo effect and write their effects?

The organic horizon is generally absent from agricultural soils because tilling, e.g., plowing, buries organic matter. Why is an organic horizon generally absent in desert soils ?

Soil formation can be initiated by biological organisms. Explain how?

Sandy soil is not suitable for cultivation. Explain why?

Describe the mutual relationship between the fig and wasp and comment on the phenomenon that operates in this relationship.

Based on temperature prevalence, Raunkiaer classified world's vegetation into four types. Name them.

What does the term 'Timber line' refers to?

Name the study that deals with soil factors. Also mention the optimal soil pH for crop cultivation.