Which one of the following was not an independent trading city?

Assertion: Paper originated in China in second century BC (BCE).
Reason: Germany invented the movable printing press.

Which one of the following was not an idea developed during the age of Renaissance?

Who came to Italy seeking the help of the West in the war against the Turks?

Assertion: Galileo Galilei was tried by the Church for heresy.
Reason: He accepted the views of Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.

How did Erasmus pave the way for Reformation?

What was the significant outcome of Spanish Armeda?

Point out the outcome of Diet of Worms.

Explain Holy Communion or Eucharist.

Why is Joan of Arc remembered in history?

Why did Italy become the birthplace of Renaissance?

What were the achievements of Italian and English explorers?

Assess the part played by John Calvin in organising the Protestant movement in Genoa.

Discuss the contribution of Society of Jesus to the counter-reformation movement in Europe.

Describe the voyage of Portuguese sailor Pedro Cabral in India.

Attempt a comprehensive account of the evolution of England, France and Spain as nation-states.

Explain the initiatives of Portugal and Spain in the discovery of new sea routes to the East and point out why it is considered as an important event in the economic history of modern world.