Define ecology.

What is ecological hierarchy? Name the levels of ecological hierarchy. 

What are ecological equivalents? Give one example

Why are some organisms called as eurythermals and some others as stenohaline ?

‘Green algae are not likely to be found in the deepest strata of the ocean’. Give at least one reason.

What is Phytoremediation ?

The organic horizon is generally absent from agricultural soils because tilling, e.g., plowing, buries organic matter. Why is an organic horizon generally absent in desert soils ?

Soil formation can be initiated by biological organisms. Explain how?

Sandy soil is not suitable for cultivation. Explain why?

Lichen is considered as a good example of obligate mutualism. Explain.

How does an orchid ophrys ensures its pollination by bees ?

Why do submerged plants receive weak illumination than exposed floating plants in a lake?

How is rhytidome act as the structural defence by plants against fire?

What is myrmecophily?

What is seed ball?

How is anemochory differ from zoochory?

Explain Raunkiaer classification in the world’s vegetation based on the temperature.