Suppose an alpha particle accelerated by a potential of V volt is allowed to collide with a nucleus of atomic number Z, then the distance of closest approach of alpha particle to the nucleus is _____.

The electric potential of an electron is given by \(V={ V }_{ 0 } \ In\left( \frac { r }{ { r }_{ 0 } } \right) \), where r₀ is a constant. If Bohr atom model is valid, then variation of radius of n^th orbit r_n with the principal quantum number n is _____.

An oil drop carrying a charge q has a mass of m kg. It is falling freely in the air with terminal speed v. The electric field required to make the drop move upwards with the same speed is ______________.

When hydrogen atom is in its first excited level, its radius is __________ of the Bohr radius.

J.J. Thomson's experiment demonstrated that ______________.

A beam of electron posses undeflected through mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. If the electric field is switched off and the same magnetic field is maintained, the electrons move ______________.

In Millikan's experiment an oil drop of mass 4.9 x 10^-14 kg is balanced by applying potential difference of 2 kV between the two plates which are 2 mm apart. The charge of the drop is ________________

The charge of an alpha-particle is _______________

The orbits in which electrons supposed to be revolving according to Rutherford are ___________

Bohr's radius gives the radius of the _________ orbit.

The __________ and ______ potentials are called the critical potentials of an atom.

Elements having atomic number greater than ______ are radioactive.

Penetration power is the greatest in __________ rays.

The moderator used in nuclear reactor is ________________.

The explosion of hydrogen bomb is based on the principle of _________________.

Give the results of Rutherford alpha scattering experiment.

Write down the postulates of Bohr atom model.

Define the ionization energy and ionization potential.

Define atomic mass unit u.

Show that nuclear density is almost constant for nuclei with Z > 10.

What is mass defect?

Calculate the energy equivalent of 1 atomic mass unit.

Give the symbolic representation of alpha decay, beta decay and gamma decay.

Define Roentgen.

Give the mass number and atomic number of elements on the right-hand side of the decay process \(_{ 86 }^{ 220 }{ Rn }\) ⇾ Po + He.

Discuss the Millikan’s oil drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron.

Derive the energy expression for an electron is the hydrogen atom using Bohr atom model.

Explain the variation of average binding energy with the mass number using graph and discuss about its features.

Discuss the alpha decay process with example.

Discuss the properties of neutrino and its role in beta decay.

Discuss the process of nuclear fission and its properties.

Find the (i) angular momentum (ii) velocity of the electron revolving in the 5^th orbit of hydrogen atom.
(h = 6.6 x 10^–34 Js, m = 9.1 x 10^–31 kg)

Suppose the energy of an electron in hydrogen–like atom is given as E_n = \(-\frac { 54.4 }{ { n }^{ 2 } } eV\) where \(n \in \mathbb{N}\) . Calculate the following:
(a) Sketch the energy levels for this atom and compute its atomic number.
(b) If the atom is in ground state, compute its first excitation potential and also its ionization potential.
(c) When a photon with energy 42 eV and another photon with energy 51 eV are made to collide with this atom, does this atom absorb these photons?
(d) Determine the radius of its first Bohr orbit.
(e) Calculate the kinetic and potential energies of electron in the ground state.

Calculate the density of the nucleus with mass number A.

Digine atomic mass unit. Find its energy equivalent in MeV

In the Bohr atom model, the frequency of transitions is given by the following expression \(v=Rc\left( \frac { 1 }{ { n }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { m }^{ 2 } } \right) \), where n < m, Consider the following transitions:

Show that the frequency of these transitions obey sum rule (which is known as Ritz combination principle) 

Calculate the radius of the earth if the density of the earth is equal to the density of the nucleus.[mass of earth 5.97 x 10²⁴ kg].

Show that the mass of radium \((_{ 88 }^{ 226 }{ Ra })\) with an activity of 1 curie is almost a gram. Given T_1/2 = 1600 years.

(a) Calculate the disintegration energy when stationary \(_{ 92 }^{ 232 }{ U }\)  nucleus decays to thorium \(_{ 90 }^{ 228 }{ Th }\)  with the emission of α particle. The atomic masses are of  \(_{ 92 }^{ 232 }{ U }\) = 232.037156 u, \(_{ 90 }^{ 228 }{ Th }\) = 228.028741u and \(_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }\) = 4.002603 u
(b) Calculate kinetic energies of \(_{ 90 }^{ 228 }{ Th }\) and α-particle and their ratio.

What are the drawbacks of Rutherford atom model?

Write the application of alpha decay in smoke detectors.

In a fusion reactor, the reaction occurs in two stages.
(i) Two deuterium \((_{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ D) }\) nuclei fuse to form \((_{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ T) }\) a nucleus with a proton as a product.
(ii) A tritium nucleus fuses with another deuterium nucleus to form a  helium (\(_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }\)) nucleus with a neutron as another product.
Find (a) the energy released in each stage.
(b) the energy released in the combined reaction per deuterium and
(c) what percentage of the mass-energy of the initial deuterium is released?
Given :
\(_1^{ 2 }{ D}\) = 2.014102 u, \(_{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ T }\) = 3.016049 u; \(_{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }\) = 4.002603 u, \(_{ 1 }^{ 1 }{ H }\) = 1.007825; \(_0^{ 1 }{ n }\) = 1.008665 u, Take 1u = 931 MeV

Consider the case of bombardment of ²³⁵U nucleus with a thermal neutron. The fission products are ⁹⁵Mo and ¹³⁹La and two neutrons. Calculate the energy released. (Rest masses of the nuclides: ²³⁵U = 235.0439 u, \(_{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ n }\) = 1.0087 u, ⁹⁵Mo = 94.9058 u, ¹³⁹La = 138.9061 u, Take 1 u = 931 MeV.)