Using the Ellingham diagram,
(A) Predict the conditions under which
(i) Aluminium might be expected to reduce magnesia.
(ii) Magnesium could reduce alumina.
(B) it is possible to reduce Fe₂O₃ by coke at a temperature around 1200K

Give the limitations of Ellingham diagram.

Give the balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine with cold NaOH and hot NaOH.

Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.

On the basis of VB theory explain the nature of bonding in [Co(C₂O₄)₃]^3-

Explain the following terms with suitable examples.
(i) Gangue
(ii) slag

A hydride of 2nd period alkali metal (A) on reaction with compound of Boron (B) to give a reducing agent (C). Identify A, B and C.

Write the reason for the anomalous behaviour of Nitrogen.

Explain why Cr²⁺ is strongly reducing while Mn³⁺ is strongly oxidizing.

Why do zirconium and Hafnium exhibit similar properties?

Give the uses of zinc.

The selection of reducing agent depends on the thermodynamic factor: Explain with an example.

Complete the following reactions.
a. \(B(OH)_3 + NH_3\longrightarrow \)
b. \(Na_{ 2 }B_{ 4 }{ O }_{ 7 }+{ { H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 }+{ 5H }_{ 2 }O\longrightarrow }\)
c. \({ B }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 6 }+2NaOH+2{ H }_{ 2 }O\longrightarrow \)
d. \({ B }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 6 }+6{ CH }_{ 3 }OH\longrightarrow \)
e. \(4{ BF }_{ 3 }+3{ H }_{ 2 }O\longrightarrow \)
f. \(HCOOH+{ H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 }\longrightarrow \)
g. \(2SiCl_{ 4 }+NH\)₃
h. SiCl₄ + 4C₂H₅OH \(\rightarrow\)
i. 2\(B+6NaOH\longrightarrow \)
j. \({ H }_{ 2 }{ B }_{ 4 }{ O }_{ 7 }\overset { Red\ hot }{ \rightarrow } \)

Give the uses of argon.

What are interstitial compounds?

Which one of the following reaction represents calcinations?

Zinc is obtained from ZnO by________.

Which of the following is not true with respect to Ellingham diagram?

In diborane, the number of electrons that accounts for banana bonds is ________.

The repeating unit in silicone is_______.

Bauxite has the composition ______.

An aqueous solution of borax is________.

Which is true regarding nitrogen?

Which one of the following ions has the same number of unpaired electrons as present in V³⁺?

Oxidation state of Iron and the charge on the ligand NO in [Fe(H₂O)₅NO]SO₄ are_______.

Differentiate thermoplastic and thermosetting.

Write a note on drug target interaction.

Explain Receptor as drug targets.

Explain the classification of polymers based on their structure and mode of synthesis.

Styrene polymerises to polystyrene when heated in the presence of peroxide initiator.
(i) What is the mechanism involved?
(ii) Give the initiation step for the above process.
(iii) How does the chain propogate in the above mechanism?
(iv) How is the above chain reaction terminated?

What are bio degradable polymers? Give examples.

How is terylene prepared?

Who do soaps not work in hard water?

Name some important categories of food additives.

Give some of the advantages of using food additives.

Write a short note on Antioxidants.

How is Low density polyethene prepared?

What are drugs? How are they classified.

What are narcotic and non – narcotic drugs. Give examples

What are anti fertility drugs? Give examples.

Write a note on co –polymer

Write a note on vulcanization of rubber

Which chemical is responsible for the antiseptic properties of dettol.

What are competitive inhibitors?

What are allosteric inhibitors?

Explain the term target drug action used in medicinal chemistry?

Give an example of a macromolecule chosen as drug targets.

What are antibiotics?

Name one substance which can act as both analgesic and antipyretic.

Write a note on synthetic detergents

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

What are food preservatives?

Dettol is the mixture of _____________.

Saccharin, an artificial sweetener is manufactured from ____________.

Which is the monomer of neoprene in the following?

An example of anti-fertility drug is ____________.

The drug used to induce sleep is _______________.

Which of the following is an analgesic?

Antiseptics and disinfectants either kill or prevent growth of microorganisms. Identify which of the following statement is not true.

Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called _______.

Aspirin is a/an _______.

Which one of the following structures represents nylon 6,6 polymer?

Give the uses of carbohydrates.

Elucidate the structure of glucose.

Elucidate the structure of fructose.

Define the following terms as related to proteins
(i) Primary structure
(ii) Secondary structure
(iii) β strands

List the importance of proteins in biological processes.

Explain the reaction which indicates the presence of ketonic group in fructose.

What are amino add? Explain essential and non-essential amino acids.

Write the product formed when HCN reacts with glucose.

Write a reaction that indicates the presence of an aldehyde group in glucose.

Complete the following reaction.
(i) Glucose + acetic anhydride ➝ _______?_______
(ii) What does the above reaction suggest?

Give the differences between primary and secondary structure of proteins.

Give any three difference between DNA and RNA.

Write a short note on peptide bond.

What are reducing and non – reducing sugars?

List the expected products of hydrolysis of lactose.

\({ 6CO }_{ 2 }+{ 6H }_{ 2 }O\overset { Sunlight }{ \longrightarrow } { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 }+{ 6O }_{ 2 }\) 
Name the above process.

Identify whether the following compounds are D or L isomers.

A sugar contains 4 carbon atoms and the functional group is -CHO group. Identify the type of sugar and give an example for it.

What is epimerisation?

What type of linkages hold together monomers of DNA?

Name the Vitamins whose deficiency cause i) rickets ii) scurvy

Write the Zwitter ion structure of alanine

Give two difference between Hormones and vitamins.

Write a note on denaturation of proteins.

Which among the following is called fruit sugar?

Disaccharides have general formula

Name the base present only in RNA

Which is a monosaccharide among the following?

Identify the reducing sugar.

Which one of the following rotates the plane polarized light towards left?

The correct corresponding order of names of four aldoses with configuration given below Respectively is ______.

Which one given below is a non-reducing sugar?

\(\text { Glucose } \stackrel{(\mathrm{HCN})}{\longrightarrow} \text { Product } \stackrel{(\text { hydrolysis })}{\longrightarrow} \text { Product } \stackrel{(\mathrm{HI}+\text { Heat })}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{A}\) , the compound A is______.

The central dogma of molecular genetics states that the genetic information flows from______.

Write a note on the reduction of nitro benzene under different conditions.

Draw a flow chart to show classification of nitro compound giving examples for each type.

Account for the following:
i) (CH₃)₂ NH is stronger base than NH₃
ii) CH₃CH₂NH₂ is more basic than CH₃CONH₂
iii) Aniline is less basic than Ethyl amine
iv) On sulphonation of aniline, p-amino benzene sulphonic acid is formed.

What happens when ethylamine is treated with
(i) CHCl₃/NaOH
(ii) CS₂
(iii) C₆H₅CHO.

Account for
i) Reduction of CH₃CH gives CH₃CH₂NH₂ while CH₃NC gives (CH₃)₂NH.
ii) (CH₃)₂NH requires two molar proportion of CH₃I to give the same crystalline product formed by (CH₃)₂N with one mole of CH₃l.
iii) Nitration of aniline with conc.HNO₃ may end up with same meta nitro product.
iv) p-toluidine is a stronger base than p-nitroaniline.

How will you distinguish between primary secondary and tertiary alphatic amines.

Predict A,B,C and D for the following reaction

A dibromo derivative (A) on treatment with KCN followed by acid hydrolysis and heating gives a monobasic acid (B) along with liberation of CO₂ . (B) on heating with liquid ammonia followed by treating with Br₂ /KOH gives (c) which on treating with NaNO₂ and HCl at low temperature followed by oxidation gives a monobasic acid (D) having molecular mass 74. Identify A to D.

Identify A to E in the following sequence of reactions
   
 \(\overset { {CH_3} {CL} }{ \underset { {AlCl}_3 }{ \longrightarrow } }\) A \(\overset { {HNO_3}/ {H_2So_4} }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\)  B \(\overset { {Sn} /{HCL} }{ \underset {{} }{ \longrightarrow } }\)  (C) \(\overset { {NaNo_2}/ {HCL} }{ \underset { {O^o}C }{ \longrightarrow } }\)  D \(\overset { {CuCN} }{ \underset { {}}{ \longrightarrow } }\) E

Write a note on acidic nature of nitro alkanes.

How are nitro alkanes prepared for the following
i) alkyl bromides
ii) methane

How will convert nitrobenzene to benzoic acid?

Write a note on the basicity of amines.

An Organic compound (A) with molecular formula C₆H₇N gives (B) with HNO₂ / HCI at 273 K. The aqueous solution of (B) on heating gives compound (C) which gives violet colour with netural FeCI₃. Identify the compounds (A), (B) and (C) and write the equations.

Identify compounds A, B and C in the following sequence of reactions.
i) \({ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }NO_{ 2 }\overset { Fe/HCL }{ \longrightarrow } A\overset { HN{ O }_{ 2 } }{ \underset { 273K }{ \longrightarrow } } B\overset { { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }OH }{ \longrightarrow } C\)
ii) \({ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }N_{ 2 }cl\overset { CuCN }{ \longrightarrow } A\overset { H_{ 2 }O/H^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow } B\overset { NH_3 }{ \longrightarrow } C\)
iii) \({ C }{ H }_{ 3 }{ C }{ H }_{ 2 }I\overset { NaCN}{ \longrightarrow } A\overset {OH^-}{ \underset {Partial hydrolysis}{ \longrightarrow } } B\overset {NaOH+Br_2 }{ \longrightarrow } C\)
iv) \({ C }{ H }_{ 3 }NH_{ 2 }\overset { CH_3 Br }{ \longrightarrow } A\overset { CH_{ 3 }COCl}{ \longrightarrow } B\overset { B_2H_6 }{ \longrightarrow } C\)
v) \({ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }NH_{ 2 }\overset { (CH_{ 3 }CO)_{ 2 }O }{ \underset { Pyridine }{ \longrightarrow } } A\overset { HNO_{ 3 } }{ \underset { H_{ 2 }SO_{ 4 },288K }{ \longrightarrow } } B\overset { { H }_{ 2 }O/{ H }^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow C } \)
vi) 

vii) \({ C }{ H }_{ 3 }CN_{ 2 }NC\overset { HgO }{ \longrightarrow } A\overset { H_{ 2 }O }{ \longrightarrow } B\overset { i) NaN{ O }_{ 2 }/HCL }{ \underset { ii){ H }_{ 2 }O }{ \longrightarrow } } \)

Write short notes on the following
i. Hofmann’s bromide reaction
ii. Ammonolysis
iii. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
iv. Schotten – Baumann reaction
v. Carbylamine reaction
vi. Mustard oil reaction
vii. Coupling reaction
viii. Diazotisation
ix. Gomberg reaction

Account for the following
i. Aniline does not undergo Friedel – Crafts reaction
ii. Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines
iii. pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine
iv. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.
v. Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not
vi. Amines are more basic than amides
vii.Although amino group is o – and p – directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m – nitroaniline.

How will you convert diethylamine into
i) N, N – diethylacetamide
ii) N – nitrosodiethylamine

Identify A,B and C
\(\overset{SOCl_2}\longrightarrow A \overset{NH_3}\longrightarrow B\overset{LiAlH_4}\longrightarrow (C)\)

Give the IUPAC name of the following compounds.
i) 
ii) 

Define tautomerism.

Which among the following nitro compound will not exhibit tautomerism and why?
i) \(\underset { nitro \ ethane }{ { CH }_{ 3 }{ CH }_{ 2 }{ NO }_{ 2 } } \)
ii) \(\underset { 2-nitropropane }{ { (CH }_{ 3 })_{ 2 }CH-{ NO }_{ 2 } } \)
iii) \({ CH }_{ 3 }-\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ \underset { \overset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ C } } -{ NO }_{ 2 }\)  
2 - methyl- 2 - nitropropane

Explain the conversion of benzene to nitrobenzene.

Two isomers having the molecular formula C₂H₅NO₂ on hydrolysis in acidic medium gives (A) and (B). Identify (A) and (B) and explain the reactions involved.

Write down the possible isomers of the C₄H₉NO₂ give their IUPAC names.

There are two isomers with the formula  CH₃NO₂. How will you distinguish between them?

What happens when
i. 2 – Nitropropane boiled with HCl
ii. Nitrobenezene undergo electrolytic reduction in strongly acidic medium.
iii. Oxidation of tert – butylamine with KMnO₄
iv. Oxidation of acetoneoxime with trifluoroperoxy acetic acid

How will you convert nitrobenzene into
i. 1,3,5 - trinitrobenzene
ii. o and p- nitrophenol
iii. m – nitro aniline
iv. azoxybenzene
v. hydrozobenzene
vi. N – phenylhydroxylamine
vii. aniline

Complete the following reaction

The above structure represents

Nitration of nitrobenzene results in

Which among the following reactions will give a secondary amine?

Identify product 'Y' in the following reaction

Electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in strongly acidic medium gives

Which of the following reagent can be used to convert nitrobenzene to aniline.

The method by which aniline cannot be prepared is _________.

Which one of the following will not undergo Hofmann bromamide reaction.

CH₃CH₂ Br \(\overset { aqNaOH }{ \underset { \Delta }{ \longrightarrow } } A\overset { { KMnO }_{ 4 }{ /H }^{ + } }{ \underset { \Delta }{ \longrightarrow } } B\overset { { NH }_{ 3 } }{ \underset { \Delta }{ \longrightarrow } } C\overset { { Br }_{ 2 }/NaOH }{ \longrightarrow } D\)  D' is________.

Which one of the following nitro compounds does not react with nitrous acid.

How does formaldehyde react with
(I) NH₃
(ii) CH₃Mg₁ followed by hydrolysis and
(iii) NaOH

Illustrate the reducing property of acetaldehyde with examples

Discuss the mechanism of aldol condensation.

Which compounds on Clemmenson reduction give
(i) 2-methyl propane
(ii) ethyl benzene
(iii) propane
(iv) diphenyl methane.

Draw resonance structures for the following
(i) CH₃COO^-
(ii)CH₃CONH₂
(iii) C₆H_sCHO
(iv) C₆H₅COO^-

A Compound (A) with molecular formula C₂H₃N on acid hydrolysis gives (B) which reacts with thionylchloride to give compound(C). Benzene reacts with compound (C) in presence of anhydrous AlCl₃ to give compound(D). Compound (D) on reduction with Zn/Hg and Conc.HCl gives (E).  Identify (A), (B), (C) (D) and (E). Write the equations.

Identify A, B, C and D
\(\text { ethanoic acid } \stackrel{\mathrm{SOCl}_{2}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{A} \stackrel{\mathrm{Pd} / \mathrm{BaSO}_{4}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{B} \stackrel{\mathrm{NaOH}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{C} \stackrel {\longrightarrow}{\triangle} \mathrm{D}\)

An alkene (A) on ozonolysis gives propanone and aldehyde (B). When (B) is oxidised (C) is obtained. (C) is treated with Br₂/P gives (D) which on hydrolysis gives (E). When propanone is treated with HCN followed by hydrolysis gives (E). Identify A, B, C, D and E.

How is acetaldehyde prepared by the ozonolysis of CH₃CH=CHCH₃?

Explain Stephen's reaction.

What is Rosenmund's reduction? What is the purpose of adding BaSO₄ in it?

Formaldehyde and benzaldehyde give Cannizaro reaction but acetaldehyde does not - account for this.

Explain the isomerism exhibited by carboxylic acids.

Identify A, B and C
 

Write the structure of the major product of the aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with acetone.

How are the following conversions effected
(a) propanal into butanone
(b) Hex-3-yne into hexan-3-one.
(c) phenylmethanal into benzoic acid
(d) phenylmethanal into benzoin

Complete the following reaction
\({ CH }_{ 3 }-{ CH }_{ 2 }-{ CH }_{ 2 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\overset { HO-{ CH }_{ 2 }-{ CH }_{ 2 }-OH }{ \underset { { dry }{ HCl} }{ \longrightarrow } } ?\)

Identify A, B and C

A hydrocarbon A (molecular formula C₈H₁₀) on ozonolysis gives B (C₄H₆O₂) only. Compound C (C₃H₅Br) on treatment with magnesium in dry ether gives (D) which on treatment with CO₂ followed by acidification gives(C). Identify A, B and C.

State the laws of reflection.

What is angle of deviation due to reflection?

Give the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror.

Derive the relation between f and R for a spherical mirror.

How is propanoic acid is prepared starting from
(a) an alcohol
(b) an alkylhalide
(c) an alkene

Identify X and Y.
\({ CH }_{ 3 }CO{ CH }_{ 2 }{ CH }_{ 2 }COO{ C }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 5 }\overset { { CH }_{ 3 }MgBr }{ \longrightarrow } X\overset { { H }_{ 3 }{ O }^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow } Y\)

How will you convert benzaldehyde into the following compounds?
(i) benzophenone
(ii) benzoic acid
(iii) α-hydroxyphenylaceticacid.

What is the action of HCN on
(i) propanone
(ii) 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde
iii) ethanal

A carbonyl compound A having molecular formula C₅H₁₀O forms crystalline precipitate with sodium bisulphate and gives positive iodoform test. A does not reduce Fehling solution. Identify A.

Of the following, which is the product formed when cyclohexanone undergoes aldol condensation followed by heating?

Give the common and IUPAC name of the compound HO-CH₂-\(\underset { \overset { | }{ OH } }{ CH } \)-CHO

Cannizaro reaction is not given by _______.

Which among the following on oxidation with alk.KMnO₄ will give butanone?

The IUPAC name of the compound

The correct structure of the product ‘A’ formed in the reaction ______.

The formation of cyanohydrin from acetone is an example of _______.

Reaction of acetone with one of the following reagents involves nucleophilic addition followed by elimination of water. The reagent is _______.

In the following reaction, \(HC\equiv CH \overset { { H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 } }{ \underset { HgS{ O }_{ 4 } }{ \longrightarrow } } X\) Product ‘X’ will not give _______.

\({ CH }_{ 2 }={ CH }_{ 2 }\overset { i){ O }_{ 3 } }{ \underset { zn/{ H }_{ 2 }O }{ \longrightarrow } } X\overset { { NH }_{ 3 } }{ \longrightarrow } Y \ 'Y'\) is _______.

An organic compound (A) of molecular formula C₃H₈O gives turbidity within 5-10 min on reaction with anhydrous ZnCI₂/HCI.Compound (A) on treatment with sodium hypochlorite gives a carbonyl compound (B) which on further chlorination gives compound (C) of molecular formula C₃H₃OCl₃. Identify (A), (B) and (C). Explain the reactions.

An organic compound (A) C₂H₆O liberates hydrogen on treatment with metallic sodium. (A) on mild oxidation gives (B) C₂H₄O which answers iodoform test. (B) when treated with cone. H₂SO₄ undergoes polymerisation to give (C) a cyclic compound. Identify (A) (B) and (C) and explain the reactions.

An organic compound A of molecular f formula C₆H₆O gives violet colouration with neutral FeCl₃. Compound A on treatment with metallic Na gives compound B. Compound B on treatment with CO₂ at 400 K under pressure gives C. This product on acidification gives compound D (C₇H₆O₃) which is used in medicine. Identify (A) (B) (C) and D and explain the reactions.

An organic compound A of molecular formula C₃H₆O on reduction with LiAlH₄ gives B. Compound B gives blue colour in Victor Meyer's test and also forms a chloride C with SOCl₂. The chloride on treatment with alcoholic KOH gives D. Identify A, B, C and D and explain the reactions.

Ail organic compound (A) C₃H₈O answers Lucas test within 5-10 minutes and on oxidation forms B (C₃H₆O). This on further oxidation forms C(C₂H₄O₂) which gives effervescence with Na₂ CO₃ Balso undergoes iodoform reaction. Identify A, B and C. Explain the conversion of A to B and C.

Predict the product A,B,X and Y in the following sequence of reaction

Identify A,B,C,D and write the complete equation

3,3 – dimethylbutan -2-ol on treatment with conc. H ₂SO₄ to give tetramethyl ethylene as a major product. Suggest a suitable mechanism.

When phenol on treatement with Br₂/H₂O readily gives a precipitate of 2, 4, 6 - tribomo phenol.

Explain Swern oxidation of propan-2-ol to propanane.

Explain the manufacture of glycerol from triglycerides,

Write a note on Friedel Crafts reaction of anisole.

Complete the following sequence of reaction and Identify A, B and C.

Identify the product (s) is / are formed when 1 – methoxy propane is heated with excess HI. Name the mechanism involved in the reaction.

Draw the major product formed when 1-ethoxyprop-1-ene is heated with one equivalent of HI.

Suggest a suitable reagent to prepare secondary alcohol with identical group using Grignard reagent.

What is the major product obtained when two moles of ethyl magnesium bromide is treated with methyl benzoate followed by acid hydrolysis.

Predict the major product, when 2-methyl but -2-ene is converted into an alcohol in each of the following methods.
(i) Acid catalysed hydration
(ii) Hydroboration
(iii) Hydroxylation using Baeyer's reagent

Give reasons: Methanol is miscible with water while iodo-methane is not.

Compare the acid strength in 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohol giving reason.

How will you convert C₂H₅OH to C₂H₅OC₂H₅?

Complete the reaction and write the names of products. C₂H₅OH + NH₃ \(\overset { { Al }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 3 } }{ \underset { { 360 }^{ 0 }C }{ \longrightarrow } } \)?

Explain 'esterification' reaction with an example.

Write the structure of the aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester that yield 4- methylpent -2-en-1-ol.

What is metamerism? Give the structure and IUPAC name of metamers of 2-methoxy propane

Complete the following reactions

ii) \(C_6H_5-CH_{2}CH(OH)CH(CH_3)_2 \overset{ConH_2SO_4}\longrightarrow\)

How are the following conversions effected
i) benzylchloride to benzylalcohol
ii) benzyalalcohol to benzoic acid

Complete the following reactions 
i) CH_3- CH₂ - OH \(\overset { { P}{ Br_3 }{ } }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\)  A  \(\overset { { aq.NaOH}{ }{ } }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\) B \(\overset { { Na}{ } }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\) C
ii) C₆H₅- OH  \(\overset { { Zn \ dust}{ } }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\) A \(\overset { { CH_3}{Cl}{ } }{ \underset { {Anhydrs}{AlCl_3} }{ \longrightarrow } }\) B \(\overset { { acid}{K MnO_4}{ } }{ \underset { {} }{ \longrightarrow } }\) C

Which among the following alkene on acid hydration will produce tertiary butyl alcohol?

Pick out the odd one among the following.

Which one of the alcohol cannot be prepared by grignard reagent?

Which among the following statement are correct with regard to alkyl halides?

Which among the following reagent is not used to differentiate ethanol and phenol?

An alcohol (x) gives blue colour in victormayer’s test and 3.7g of X when treated with metallic sodium liberates 560 mL of hydrogen at 273 K and 1 atm pressure what will be the possible structure of X?

Which of the following compounds on reaction with methyl magnesium bromide will give tertiary alcohol.

The X is _______.

In the reaction sequence, Ethane \(\overset { HOCl }{ \longrightarrow } A\overset { x }{ \longrightarrow } \) ethan -1, 2 - diol. A and X respectively are ________.

Which one of the following is the strongest acid.

Write the characteristics of adsorption.

Explain the factors affecting adsorption.

Write a note on Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

Write the characteristics of catalysts.

Give the special characteristics of enzyme catalysed reactions.

Explain intermediate compound formation theory of catalysis with an example.

What is the difference between homogenous and hetrogenous catalysis?

Describe adsorption theory of catalysis

Give any three application of adsorption.

Write a note.
(i) Positive catalyst
(ii) Negative catalyst

Write a note on auto catalysis?

What are active centres?

What are the important concepts of catalysis that adsorption theory explains?

Differentiate physisorption and chemisorption.

What is the difference between a sol and a gel?

What are the factors which influence the adsorption of a gas on a solid?

Give three uses of emulsions.

Write a note on electro osmosis.

In a coagulation experiment 10 mL of a colloid (X) is mixed with distilled water and 0.1M solution of an electrolyte AB so that the volume is 20 mL. It was found that all solutions containing more than 6.6 mL of AB coagulate with in 5 minutes. What is the flocculation values of AB for sol (X)?

What is an interface?

What do you mean by positive and negative adsorption?

Define adsorption isobar.

Define adsorption isotherm.

Give two important characteristics of physisorption.

In case of chemisorption, why adsorption first increases and then decreases with temperature?

Which will be adsorbed more readily on the surface of charcoal and why? NH₃ or CO₂?

Heat of adsorption is greater for chemisorptions than physisorption. Why?

Peptising agent is added to convert precipitate into colloidal solution. Explain with an example.

Which among the following true regarding adsorption?
(i) Adsorption is a spontaneous process
(ii) Adsorption is always accompanied by increase in free energy.
(iii) Adsorption is an endothermic process
(iv) Adsorption can occur in all interfacial surfaces.

Which among the following does not affect adsorption?

According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm,_______.

Which of the following is true regarding Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation?

Pick the odd one out.

For Freundlich isotherm a graph of log \(\frac{x}{m}\) is plotted against log P. The slope of the line and its y – axis intercept respectively corresponds to________.

Which of the following is incorrect for physisorption?

Which one of the following characteristics are associated with adsorption?

Fog is colloidal solution of _______.

Statement : To stop bleeding from an injury, ferric chloride can be applied. Which comment about the statement is justified?

What is the electrochemical equivalent of a substance when 150 gm of it is deposited by 10 ampere of current passed for 1 sec?

The electrochemical equivalent of an electrolyte is 2.35 gm amp^-1 sec^-1. Calculate I the amount of the substance deposited when 5 ampere is passed for 10 sec.

To 1M solution of AgNO₃, 0.75 F quantity of current is passed. What is the concentration of the electrolyte, AgNO₃ remaining in the solution?

0.5 F of electric current was passed through 5 molar solution of AgNO₃, CuSO₄ and AICl₃ connected in series. Find out the concentration of each of the electrolyte after the electrolysis.

To one molar solution of a trivalent metal salt, electrolysis was carried out and 0.667 M was the concentration remaining after electrolysis. Calculate the quantity of electricity passed.

State Kohlrausch Law. How is it useful to determine the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte at infinite dilution.

Derive an expression for Nernst equation.

Answer the following question with regard to specific resistance.
(i) How is specific resistance represented?
(ii) What does specific resistance depend on?
(iii) What is the reciprocal of specific resistance? How is it denoted.
(iv) What is the unit of resitivity?

Define molar conductance.

Define equivalent conductance.

0.1 M solution of two electrolytes P and Q have specific conductance 4 x 10^-4 S cm^-1 and 6 x 10^-6 S cm^-1 respectively. Which among the following will have greater resistance to the flow of current? Give reason.

What is the oxidation and reduction half cell in a Daniel cell?

State Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis

Describe the construction of Daniel cell. Write the cell reaction.

Why is anode in galvanic cell considered to be negative and cathode positive electrode?

The conductivity of a 0.01M solution of a 1 :1 weak electrolyte at 298K is 1.5\(\times\)10^-4 S cm⁻¹.
i) molar conductivity of the solution
ii) degree of dissociation and the dissociation constant of the weak electrolyte
Given that
\(\lambda^{0}_{cation}=248.2 \ S\) cm² mol^-1
\(\lambda^{0}_{anlon}=51.8 \ S\) cm² mol^-1

Which of 0.1M HCl and 0.1 M KCl do you expect to have greater \(\stackrel{0}{\Lambda}_{\mathrm{m}}\)and why?

Give the mathematical expression of ohm's law.

Define resistance. Give its mathematical expression

Define resistivity

Two electrodes having cross sectional area of l A and are separated by a distance l. What is the ratio of length by area called?

Define conductance. Give its unit

Define anode and cathode

Why does conductivity of a solution decrease on dilution of the solution.

Describe the electrolysis of molten NaCl using inert electrodes

Explain the function of H₂ - O₂ fuel cell.

A solution of silver nitrate is electrolysed for 20 minutes with a current of 2 amperes. Calculate the mass of silver deposited at the cathode.

Which one of the following solution has highest equivalent conductance?

Pick out the correct statement regarding resistance of an electrolytic solution ________.

Which among the following is the strongest reducing agent?

Which of the statements about electrolytic conductance is not true?

A device in which spontaneous chemical reaction generates electric current ________.

The number of electrons that have a total charge of 9650 coulombs is_______.

Consider the following half cell reactions.
Mn²⁺ + 2e^- ➝ Mn E^o = -1.18V
Mn²⁺ ➝ Mn³⁺ + e^- E^o = -1.51V
The E^o for the reaction 3Mn²⁺➝ Mn + 2Mn³⁺, and the possibility of the forward reaction are respectively.

The button cell used is watches function as follows
Zn (s) + Ag₂O (s) + H₂O (l) ⇌ 2Ag (s) + Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2OH^-(aq) the half cell potentials are Ag₂O (s) + H₂O (l) + 2e^- → 2Ag (s) + 2OH^- (aq) E^o = 34V and Zn (s) → Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2e⁻ E⁰ = 0.76V . The cell potential will be_______.

The molar conductivity of a 0.5 mol dm^-3 solution of AgNO₃ with electrolytic conductivity of 5.76 ×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹at 298 K is______.

Calculate Λ^o_HoAC using appropriate molar conductances of the electrolytes listed above at infinite dilution in water at 25^oC_______.

The hydrogen ion concentration of a fruit juice is 3.3 x 10^-2 M. What is the pH of the juice? Is it acidic or basic?

Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.08 mole of acetic acid and 0.12 mole of sodium acetate per dm, of the solution. The ionisation constant of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10^-5.

Calculate the pH of 0.1 M acetic acid if its ionisation constant Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5.

pH of a solution is 5.5 at 25°C. Calculate its [OH^-].

Calculate the pH of solution with HO⁺ concentrations in mol dm^-3.
(i) 10^-4
(ii) 10^-7
(iii) 6.8 x 10^-3
(iv) 3.2 x 10^-5
(v) 0.035
(vi) 0.25
(vii) 5.4 x 10^-9
(viii) 7.1 x 10^-7

Discuss the Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases.

Derive an expression for Ostwald’s dilution law.

A buffer solution containing 0.1 mole of ammonium hydroxide and 0.15 mole of ammonium chloride per litre of the solution. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution. K_b for ammonium hydroxide is 1.8 x 10^-5.

Based on Arrhenius concept, defame acid and bases and give an example for each.

What do you mean by auto ionisation of water?

Define buffer Index

How will you calculate solubility product from molar solubility?

The concentration of hydroxide ion in a water sample is found to be 2.5 × 10^-6M. Identify the nature of the solution.

A lab assistant prepared a solution by adding a calculated quantity of HCl gas 25⁰C to get a solution with [H₃O⁺] = 4\(\times\)10^-5M. Is the solution neutral (or) acidic (or) basic.

Calculate the pH of 0.04 M HNO₃ Solution.

Define ionic product of water. Give its value at room temperature.

Explain common ion effect with an example.

Give the Limitations of Arrhenius concept theory of acids and bases.

Define Buffer solution.

What are the two types of buffer? Give an example for each.

Define neutralisation reaction.

Give a condition for a compound to be precipitated.

What are Lewis acids and bases? Give two example for each.

Identify the conjugate acid base pair for the following reaction in aqueous solution
i) HS^- (aq) + HF \(\rightleftharpoons \) F^-(aq) + H₂S(aq)
ii) HPO^2-₄ + SO₃^2- \(\rightleftharpoons \) PO₄^3- + HSO₃^-
iii) NH₄⁺ + CO₃^2-  \(\rightleftharpoons \) NH₃ + HCO₃^-

Account for the acidic nature of HClO₄ in terms of Bronsted – Lowry theory, identify its conjugate base.

When aqueous ammonia is added to CuSO₄ solution, the solution turns deep blue due to the formation of tetra ammine copper (II) complex,\({ [Cu({ H }_{ 2 }O)_4] }_{ (aq) }^{ 2+ }+ 4{ NH }_{ 3 }(aq)\rightleftharpoons { [Cu{ ({ NH }_{ 3 }) }_{ 4 }] }_{ (aq) }^{ 2+ }\) among H₂O and NH₃ Which is stronger Lewis base.

Define solubility product.

What is the decreasing order of strength of bases
OH, NH₂^- H - C ≡ C and CH₃ - CH₂^-

Inert pair effect is observed in groups _______.

Which one among the following in the strongest Bronsted base.

Which of the following is not a Lewis acid?

Analyses the equilibrium
HClO₄ +H₂O ⇌ H₃O+ \({ ClO }_{ 4 }^{ - }\)
and choose the correct statement.

Concentration of the Ag⁺ ions in a saturated solution of Ag₂C₂O₄ is 2.24 ×10^-4mol L^-1 solubility product of Ag₂C₂O₄ is_______.

Following solutions were prepared by mixing different volumes of NAOH of HCL different concentrations
1) 60 mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)HCl + 40mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)NaOH
2) 55 mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)HCl + 45mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)NaOH
3) 75 mL\(\frac{M}{5}\)HCl + 25mL\(\frac{M}{5}\)NaOH
4) 100 mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)HCl + 100mL\(\frac{M}{10}\)NaOH
pH of which one of them will be equal to 1?

The solubility of BaSO₄ in water is 2.42 × 10^-3gL^-1 at 298K. The value of its solubility product(K_sp) will be (Given molar mass of BaSO₄ =233g mol^-1)

pH of a saturated solution of Ca(OH)₂ is 9. The Solubility product (K_sp) of Ca(OH)₂ _______.

Conjugate base for Bronsted acids H₂O and HF are _______.

For the reaction 2A + B ⟶ A₂B. The rate = k [A] [B]² with k = 2.0 x 10^-6 mol? L² S^-1. Calculate the initial rate of the reaction, when [A] = 0.1 mol L^-1, [B] = 0.2 mol L^-1. Calculate the rate of reaction after [A] is reduced to 0.06 mol L^-1

In a pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results were obtained.

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60 seconds.
(i) Calculate the pseudo first order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ester.

Write an account of the Arrhenius equation for rates of chemical reactions. 

State the characteristics of order of reactions. 

For the reaction R - P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and second.

What is an elementary reaction? Give the differences between order and molecularity of a reaction.

Hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution has been studied by titrating the liberated acetic acid against sodium hydroxide. The concentration of an ester at different temperatures is given below.

Show that the reaction is the first order reactions.

Prove that the time required for the completion \({ \frac { 3 }{ 4 } }^{ th }\) of the reaction of a first order is twice the time required for the completion of a half of the reaction.

(i) Molecularity of any reaction is not equal to zero. Why?
(ii) For which type of reactions, order, and molecularity have the same value?

A reaction is of second order in A and first order in B.
(i) Write the differential rate equation. 
(ii) How is the rate affected on increasing the concentration of A three times?
(iii) How is the rate affected when the concentration of both A and B is doubled?

Give examples for first order reaction.

Define average rate and instantaneous rate.

Define rate law and rate constant.

Derive integrated rate law for a zero order reaction A\(\longrightarrow \) product.

Define half life of a reaction. Show that for a first order reaction half life is independent of initial concentration.

Explain the rate determining step with an example.

What is the study of chemical kinetics used for?

For a reaction A + B ⟶ C, the rate of the reaction is denoted \(\frac { -dA }{ dt } \) or \(\frac { -dB }{ dt } \) or \(\frac { +dC }{ dt } \). State the significance of plus and minus sign.

Rate of chemical reaction is not uniform throughout. Justify you answer:

H_2(g) + Cl_2(g) \(\overset { hv }{ \longrightarrow } \) 2HCl(g). The reaction proceeds with a uniform rate throughout. What do you conclude? 

Why is instantaneous rate preferred over average rate?

Explain the effect of catalyst on reaction rate with an example.

Explain briefly the collision theory of bimolecular reactions.

Write Arrhenius equation and explains the terms involved.

The decomposition of Cl₂O₇ at 500K in the gas phase to Cl₂ and O₂ is a first order reaction. After 1 minute at 500K, the pressure of Cl₂O₇ falls from 0.08 to 0.04 atm. Calculate the rate constant in s^-1

A gas phase reaction has energy of activation 200 kJ mol^-1. If the frequency factor of the reaction is 1.6 x 10¹³s^-1. Calculate the rate constant at 600 K.(e^-40.09 = 3.8 x 10^-48)

2N₂O₅ ⟶ NO₂ + O₂, \(\frac { d\left[ { N }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 5 } \right] }{ dt } \) = k₁[N₂O₅], \(\frac { d\left[ { NO }_{ 2 } \right] }{ dt } \)= k₂[N₂O₅] and \(\frac { d{ O }_{ 2 } }{ dt } \) = k ₃[N₂O₅], the relation between k₁, k₂ and k₃ is _____.

What would be the rate of disappearance of oxygen, if the rate of formation of nitric oxide (NO) is 3.6 x 10^-3mol L^-1 s^-1?

For a reaction, 2A + B ⟶ 3C, The rate of appearance of C at time 't' is 1.2 x 10^-4 mol L^-1s^-1. Identify the rate of reaction.

For the reaction, 2N₂O₅ ⟶4 NO₂+O₂, select the correct statement.

In pseudo-order reactions ______.

For a first order reaction A ⟶ B the rate constant is x min⁻¹. If the initial concentration of A is 0.01M, the concentration of A after one hour is given by the expression.

A zero order reaction X ⟶ Product, with an initial concentration 0.02M has a half life of 10 min. if one starts with concentration 0.04M, then the half life is

Among the following graphs showing variation of rate constant with temperature (T) for a reaction, the one that exhibits Arrhenius behavior over the entire temperature range is _______.

For a first order reaction A ⟶ product with initial concentration x mol L^-1, has a half life period of 2.5 hours. For the same reaction with initial concentration \(\left( \frac { x }{ 2 } \right) \) mol L^-1 the half life is

For the reaction, 2NH₃ ⟶ N₂ + 3H₂, if \(\frac { -d[NH_{ 3 }] }{ dt } \) = k₁[NH₃], \(\frac { d[N_{ 2 }] }{ dt } =k_{ 2 }[NH_{ 3 }],\frac { d[{ H }_{ 2 }] }{ dt } \)= k₃[NH₃] then the relation between k₁, k₂ and k₃ is _________.

Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitable example.

A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms of Q are at the corners of the cube and P at the body - centre. What is the formula of the compound? What is the coordination numbers of P and Q?

What are the general characteristics of solids?

What are molecular solids? Explain the types of molecular solids.

An element with molar mass 2.7 x 10^-2 kg mol forms a cubic unit cell with edge length 405 pm. If its density is 2.7 x 10³ kg m^-3, What is the nature of the cubic unit cell?

Differentiate crystalline solids and amorphous solids.

Write short note on metal excess and metal deficiency defect with an example.

Explain AAAA and ABABA and ABCABC type of three dimensional packing with the help of neat diagram.

Calculate the percentage efficiency of packing in case of body centered cubic crystal.

Experiment shows that Nickel oxide has the formula Ni_0.96.O_1.00. What fraction of Nickel exists as of Ni²⁺ and Ni³+ ions?

Why are solids rigid?

Silver crystallizes in fcc lattice. If edge length of the cell is 4.07 x 10^-8 em and density is 10.5 g cm^-3. Calculate the atomic mass of silver

If NaCI is doped with 10^-3 mol % of SrCl₂ What is the concentration of cation valencies?

Why are solids incompressible?

Give any three characteristics of ionic crystals.

Explain briefly seven types of unit cell.

Distinguish between hexagonal close packing and cubic close packing.

Distinguish tetrahedral and octahedral voids.

Explain Schottky defect.

Why do solids have a definite volume?

Classify the following as amorphous or crystalline solids. Polyurethane, Naphthalene, Benzoic acid, Teflon, Potassium nitrate, Cellophane, Polyvinyl chloride, Fiber glass, Copper.

What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by ZnS.

Ionic solids conduct electricity in molten state but not in solid state. Explain.

Distinguish between : Face - centred and body - centred unit cells.

Define unit cell.

Classify the following solids
a. P₄
b. Brass
c. diamond
d. NaCl
e. Iodine

What are point defects?

Calculate the number of atoms in a fcc unit cell.

Why ionic crystals are hard and brittle?

The number of carbon atoms per unit cell of diamond is _______.

The composition of a sample of wurtzite is Fe_0.93 O_1.00 what % of Iron present in the form of Fe³⁺?

Which of the following defects decreases the density of the crystal?

In which of the following arrangements, octahedral voids are formed?

Which of the following cannot be regarded as molecular solid?

Graphite and diamond are ________.

An ionic compound A_x B_y crystallizes in fcc type crystal structure with B ions at the centre of each face and A ion occupying corners of the cube the correct formula of A_x, B_y is ________.

The ratio of close packed atoms to tetrahedral hole in cubic packing is ________.

Solid CO₂ is an example of ________.

In calcium fluoride, having the fluorite structure the coordination number of Ca²⁺ ion and F^- Ion are ________.

Mention the type of hybridisation and magnetic property of the following complexes using VB theory a) [FeF₆]^4- b) [Fe(CN)₆]^4-

Give the postulates and limitation of Werner's theory of co-ordination compounds.

What are the postulates of valance bond theory? Give its limitations.

Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers.
(i) K[Cr(H₂O)₂ (C₂O₄)₂]
(ii) [Co(en)₃]CI₃
(iii) [Co(NH₃)₅(NO₂)](NO₃)₂
(iv) [Pt (NH₃)(H₂O)CI₂]

For the complex [NiCI₄]^2- write (i) the IUPAC name (ii) The hybridisation type (iii) The shape of the complex

Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.

A solution of [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ is green, whereas a solution of [Ni(CN)₄]^2- is colorless -Explain

On the basis of VB theory explain the nature of bonding in [Co(C₂O₄)₃]^3-

What are the limitations of VB theory?

Write briefly about the applications of coordination compounds in volumetric analysis

[Ni(CN)₄]^2- is diamagnetic, while [NiCl₄]^2- is paramagnetic, explain using crystal field theory. 

How is magnitude of \({ \triangle }_{ 0 }\) affected by (i) nature of ligands (ii) oxidation state of metal ion.

Draw the structures of geometrical isomers of [Fe(NH₃)₂ (CN)₄]^-

Aqueous copper sulphate solution (blue) gives
(i) a green precipitate with aqueous potassium fluoride.
(ii) a bright green solution with aqueous potassium chloride. Explain these experimental results.

Based on VB theory explain why [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺ is paramagnetic, while [Ni(CN)₄]^2- is diamagnetic.

Draw all possible geometrical isomers of the complex [Co(en)₂Cl₂]⁺ and identify the optically active isomer.

Give one test to differentiate [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]SO₄ and [Co(NH₃)₅SO₄]Cl.

Give the difference between double salts and coordination compounds.

What are hydrate isomers? Explain with an example.

Ni²⁺ is identified using alcoholic solution of dimethyl glyoxime. Write the structural formula for the rosy red precipitate of a complex formed in the reaction.

[CuCl₄]^2- exists while [Cul₄]^2- does not exist why?

Calculate the ratio of \(\frac { \left[ { Ag }^{ + } \right] }{ \left[ Ag\left( NH_{ 3 } \right) _{ 2 } \right] ^{ + } } \) in 0.2 M solution of NH_3. If the stability constant for the complex \([Ag(NH_{ 3 })_{ 2 }]^{ + }\) is 1.7 x 10⁷

Write a neutral molecule in which the central atom is Sp³d² hybridised.

Name the following complex using IUPAC names. [Co(en)₂(ONO)CI]CI

Write the formula for the co-ordination compounds. 

Arrange the following in order of increasing molar conductivity
(i) Mg[Cr(NH₃)(Cl)₅]
(ii) Cr(NH₃)₅Cl]₃[CoF₆]₂
(iii) [Cr(NH₃)₃Cl₃]

Give an example of coordination compound used in medicine and two examples of biologically important coordination compounds.

[Ti(H₂O)₆]³⁺ is coloured, while [Sc(H₂O)₆]³⁺ is colourless- explain.

Give an example for complex of the type [Ma₂b₂c₂] where a, b, c are monodentate ligands and give the possible isomers.

Identify the ambidentate ligand among the following.

An aqueous solution of (PdCI)₂ 4NH_3, when treated with excess of AgNO₃ precipitated 2 moles of AgCI. Predict the secondary valency of the compound _______.

The total number of electrons donated by ligands to platinum ion in [Pt(en)₂CI₂] is _______.

Primary and secondary valencies of Cu in [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ is _______.

Structural formula of tetra aqua dichlorido Chromium (III) chloride _______.

The sum of primary valence and secondary valence of the metal M in the complex [M(en)₂(Ox)]Cl is________.

An excess of silver nitrate is added to 100ml of a 0.01M solution of Pentaaquachlorochromium (III)chloride. The number of moles of AgCl precipitated would be _______.

A complex has a molecular formula MSO₄Cl.6H₂O. The aqueous solution of it gives white precipitate with Barium chloride solution and no precipitate is obtained when it is treated with silver nitrate solution. If the secondary valence of the metal is six, which one of the following correctly represents the complex?

Oxidation state of Iron and the charge on the ligand NO in [Fe(H₂O)₅NO]SO₄ are_______.

As per IUPAC guidelines, the name of the complex [Co(en)₂(ONO)Cl]Cl is _______.

Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution Ti²⁺, V³⁺, Sc⁴⁺, Cu⁺, Sc³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co³⁺

Justify the following statement.
"Elements of the first transition series possess many properties different from those of heavier transition elements".

Why is there a variation of atomic and ionic size as we move from Sc to Zn?

Write a note on the ionization enthalpy of transition elements.

Write a short note on the oxidation states of 3d series elements.

What is meant by lanthanoid contraction?

Write chemical equations for the reactions involved in the manufacture of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore.

Discuss the general characteristic of the 3d series of the transition elements with special reference to their
(i) Atomic size
(ii) Enthalpies of atomisation

Complete the following equations.
(i) Cr₂O₇^2- + 2OH^- ⟶
(ii) MnO₄^- + 4H⁺ + 3e^- ⟶

What are the general properties of f-block elements? (Lanthanides and Actinides)
(i) Electronic configuration
(ii) Oxidation state
(iii) Radii of tripositive ions.

What are transition metals? Give four examples.

What are inner transition elements?

Justify the position of lanthanoids and actinoids in the periodic table.

Which is more stable? Fe³⁺ or Fe²⁺? Why ?

Explain the variation in E⁰_{M³⁺/M²⁺}  3d series.

Why Gd³⁺ is colourless?

Explain why compounds of Cu²⁺ are coloured but those of Zn²+ are colourless.

Write the electronic configuration of the element with atomic number 102.

Write ionic equation for the reaction between Cr₂O₇^-2 ions and Fe²⁺ ions in acidic medium.

What are coinage metals?

Explain the oxidation states of 4d series elements.

What are actinides? Give three examples.

Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate.

What is lanthanoid contraction and what are the effects of lanthanoid contraction?

Complete the following.
a. 3MnO₄^2- + 4H⁺ ⟶?
b. C₆H₅CH₃ \(\overset { acidified }{ \underset { KMnO_{ 4 } }{ \longrightarrow } } \)?
c. MnO₄^- + Fe²⁺ ⟶?
d. KMnO₄ \(\overset { \triangle }{ \underset { Red\ hot }{ \longrightarrow } } \) ?
e. Cr₂O₇^2- + 6I^- + 14H⁺ ⟶?
f. Na₂Cr₂O₇ + 2KCl ⟶?

Which of the following compounds is colourless?

The alloy of copper that contain Zinc is________.

Which of the following does not give oxygen on heating?

A white crystalline salt (A) react with dilute HCl to liberate a suffocating gas (B) and also forms a yellow precipitate. The gas (B) turns potassium dichromate acidified with dil H₂SO₄ to a green coloured solution(C).  A, B and C are respectively ________.

MnO₄^- react with Br^- in alkaline P^H to give ________.

Sc (Z = 21) is a transition element but Zinc (z = 30) is not because _______.

Which of the following d block element has half filled penultimate d sub shell as well as half filled valence sub shell?

Among the transition metals of 3d series, the one that has highest negative \(\left( \frac { M^{ 2+ } }{ M } \right) \) standard electrode potential is _______.

Which one of the following ions has the same number of unpaired electrons as present in V³⁺?

The magnetic moment of Mn²⁺ ion is _______.

Give a detailed account of the interhalogen, compounds with special reference to the: compounds involving iodine. Draw their structures.

Explain the structure of inter halogen compounds

Mention the uses of helium.

Give a detailed account on allotropes of sulphur.

Why is dioxygen a gas but sulphur a solid?