A convex lens of focal length 30 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The two are kept at 15 cm from each other. A point object lies 60 cm in front of the convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to show the formulation of the image by the combination. Determine the nature and position of the image formed.

Three light rays, red(R), green(G) and blue (B) are incident on a right angled prism ABC at face AB. The refractive indices of the material of the priam for red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47, respectively.Out of the three, which colour of ray will emerge out of face AC? Justify your answer.Trace the path of these rays after passing through face AB.

A jar of height is filled with a transparent liquid of refractive index \(\mu \)(figure). At the centre of the jar on the bottom surface is a dot. Find the minimum diameter of a disc, such that when placed on the top surface symmetrically about the centre, the dot is invisible.

The problem is based on the principle of total inter reflection and area of visibility.

Show that for a material with refractive index  \(\mu \ge \sqrt { 2 } \), light incident at any angle shall be guided along a length perpendicular to the incident face.

(i) Light passes through two polaroids \({ P }_{ 1 }and{ P }_{ 2 }\) with pass axis of \({ P }_{ 2 }\) with pass axis of \({ P }_{ 2 }\) making in angle \(\theta \) with the pass axis of \({ P }_{ 1 }\) . For what value of \(\theta \) is the intensity of emergent light zero?
(ii) A third polaroid is placed between \({ P }_{ 1 }and{ P }_{ 2 }\) with its pass axis making an angle \(\beta \) with the pass axis is \({ P }_{ 1 }\) . Find the value of \(\beta \) for which the intensity of light from \({ P }_{ 2 }\) is \(\frac { { I }_{ 0 } }{ 8 } \) , where \({ I }_{ 0 }\) is the intensity of light on the polaroid \({ P }_{ 1 }\) .