Matter-Nature and Behaviour

Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.

Nature of matter : Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.

Particle nature, basic units : Atoms and molecules, Law of constant proportions, Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept : Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.

Structure of atoms : Electrons, protons and neutrons, valency, chemical formula of common compounds. Isotopes and Isobars.

Organization in the Living World

Call - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.

Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism : Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).

Biological Diversity : Diversity of plants and animals - basic issues in scientific naming, basis of classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups 64 of plants (salient features) (Bacteria, Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Nonchordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).

Health and Diseases : Health and its failure. Infectious and Non-infectious diseases, their causes and manifestation. Diseases caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and Protozoans) and their prevention; Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse Polio programmes.

Motion, Force and Work

Motion : Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a staight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, derivation of equations of motion by graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Newton’s laws : Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of Momentum.

Gravitation : Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.

Floatation : Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy; Elementary Idea of Relative Density. Work, energy and power : Work done by a Force, Energy, Power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy.

Sound : Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR. Structure of the Human Ear (Auditory aspect only).

Our Environment

Physical resources : Air, Water, Soil. Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures; movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India. Air, Water and Soil pollution (brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable damages.

Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature : Water, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen.

Food Production

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.

Matter in Our Surroundings

Physical Nature of Matter-Characteristics of Particles of Matter-States of Matter-Can Matter Change its State?-Evaporation

Is Matter Around Us Pure?

What is a Mixture?-What is a Solution?-Separating the Components of a Mixture-Physical and Chemical Changes-What are the Types of Pure Substances?

Atoms and Molecules

Laws of Chemical Combination-What is an Atom?-What is a Molecule?-Writing Chemical Formulae-Molecular Mass and Mole Concept

Structure of the Atom

Charged Particles in Matter-The Structure of an Atom-How are Electrons Distributed in Different Orbits (Shells)?-Valency-Atomic Number and Mass Number-Isotopes

The Fundamental Unit of Life

What are Living Organisms Made Up of?-What is a Cell Made Up of? What is the Structural Organisation of a Cell?

Tissues

Are Plants and Animals Made of Same Types of Tissues?-Plant Tissues-Animal Tissues

Diversity in Living Organisms

What is the Basis of Classification?-Classification and Evolution-The Hierarchy of Classification-Groups-Plantae-Animalia-Nomenclature

Motion

Describing Motion-Measuring the Rate of Motion-Rate of Change of Velocity-Graphical Representation of Motion-Equations of Motion by Graphical Method-Uniform Circular Motion

Force and Laws of Motion

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces-First Law of Motion-Inertia and Mass-Second Law of Motion-Third Law of Motion-Conservation of Momentum

Gravitation

Gravitation-Free Fall-Mass-Weight-Thrust and Pressure-Archimedes’ Principle-Relative Density

Work and Energy

Work-Energy-Rate of Doing Work

Sound

Production of Sound-Propagation of Sound-Reflection of Sound-Range of Hearing-Applications of Ultrasound-Structure of Human Ear

Why do we Fall Ill?

Health and its Failure-Disease and Its Causes-Infectious Diseases

Natural Resources

The Breath of Life: Air-Water: A Wonder Liquid-Mineral Riches in the Soil-Biogeochemical Cycles-Ozone Layer

Improvement in Food Resources

Improvement in Crop Yields-Animal Husbandry