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Published on: 25/10/2025
Download CBSE Class 12th Standard CBSE Biology question papers, sample papers, important questions, and previous year solved papers in PDF format. Get free study materials, NCERT solutions, and exam preparation resources for Class 12th Standard CBSE Biology
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1.
Justy the pitcher plant as a producer.
2.
How is the primary productivity in an ecosystem determined?
3.
Mention the role of pioneer species in primary succession on rocks.
4.
Write the basis on which an organism occupies a space in its community/natural surroundings.
5.
Which one of the following is considered as pioneer community in xerarch?
annual herb
perennial herb
scrub stage
forest stage
lichen
6.
Stability of ecosystem depends upon
primary productivity
interchange between producers and consumers
number of producers
number of consumers
7.
Maximum absorption of rainfall water is done by
tropical deciduous forest
tropical evergreen forest
tropical savannah
scrub forest
8.
Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
Tertiary production
Gross production
Net production
Secondary production
9.
Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Decomposers
10.
Make a table showing typical climatic conditions in major forest types in India.
11.
Distinguish between grazing food chain and detritus food chain.
12.
Distinguish between litter and dertritus.
13.
Distinguish between production and decomposition.
14.
Explain with the help of two examples,how the pyramid of number and the pyramid of biomass can look inverted.
15.
Write a short note on pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.
16.
Describe the role of living organisms in the cycle .
17.
What is a food web?
18.
Construct labelled grazing and detritus food chains with minimum three trophic levels each.
19.
Why are green algae not likely to be found in the deepest strata of the ocean?
1.
( )
The pitcher plant bears chlorophyll and is photosynthetic;it depends on insects only for its nitrogen supply and hence is a producer.
2.
( )
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Net primary productivity refers to the biomass/organic matter available at the producer level to the primary consumers,i.e. GPP-Respiratory losses.
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
Gross primary productivity is the rate of production of biomass/organic matter by producers during photosynthesis.
3.
( )
Lichens are the pioneer species in the succession on rocks; they secrete acids to dissolve the rock and help in weathering and soil formation and pave way to bryophytes.
4.
( )
Their feeding relationship with other organisms.
5.
(e)
lichen
6.
(b)
interchange between producers and consumers
7.
(b)
tropical evergreen forest
8.
(b)
Gross production
9.
(a)
Producers
10.
| Forest type | Mean annual Temperature \(\quad \quad { \circ }_{ C }\) | Mean annual rainfall (mm) | Dry months during the year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical rainforest | 23-37 | 2000-3500 | 2-3 |
| Tropical deciduous forest | 22-32 | 900-1600 | 6-8 |
| Temperature broadleaf forest | 6-20 | 1000-2500 | 3-5 |
| Temperature needle leaf forest | 6-15 | 500-1700 | 3-5 |
11.
| Grazing Food Chain | Detritus Food Chain |
|---|---|
|
1. It is the food chain where transfer of energy starts from the producers. |
1. It is the food chain where transfer of energy starts from detritus/decaying organic matter. |
12.
| Litter | Detritus |
|---|---|
| 1. Dead plant parts, animal remains and freshly fallen parts of plants, which haven't undergone decomposition constitute litter. | 1. Dead parts of plants, animal remains,faecal matter, etc.in which decomposition has started constitute detritus. |
13.
| Production | Decomposition |
|---|---|
|
1. It is the process of formation of biomass or organic compounds from simple inorganic substances. |
1. It is the process by which the saprotrophs break the larger organic molecules and ultimately into inorganic constituents. 2. It occurs at the level of decomposers. |
14.
(i) Pyramid of number can look inverted in a tree ecosystem,where the single tree is the producer (first trophic level) and a number of insects are feeding on that tree (primary consumers or second trophic level).
(ii) Pyramid of biomass in a sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds those of the phytoplankton,which are microscopic organisms.
15.
(a) Removal of all producer reduce primary production in the ecosystem. Hence, no biomass will be available to the successive/higher trophic level or heterotrophic organisms.
(b) Elimination of all organisms of herbivore level results into an increase in primary productivity and biomass of producer and carnivorous animal will not survive due to availability of food due to elimination of herbivores.
(c) Removal of top carnivores also disturb the ecosystem as it will result in huge increase in number of herbivores which will finish plants (producers) creating desertification.
16.
Role of organisms
1. The roots of plants absorb the minute quantities of phosphates found dissolved in the soil solution.
2. The consumers obtain this element either directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores) from plants.
3. The organic wastes from the living organisms and the dead organisms are decomposed and the phosphate-solubilising bacteria release phosphorus.
17.
Many organisms occupy different positions in different food chains, several food chains get interconnected to form the food web.
18.
Grazing food chain:
Autotrophs ---> herbivores ---> primary carnivores ---> secondary carnivores
Detritus food chain:
Decay and ---> decomposer ---> soil animal
Excretory organism which consume Materials other soil from the organisms. grazing food.
19.
Green algae are not likely to be found in the deepest strata of sea because the environment is perpectually dark and sun as source of energy not available.
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