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Published on: 25/10/2025
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1.
Write the basis on which an organism occupies a space in its community/natural surroundings.
2.
Mention the role of pioneer species in primary succession on rocks.
3.
How is the primary productivity in an ecosystem determined?
4.
Justy the pitcher plant as a producer.
5.
Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Decomposers
6.
Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
Tertiary production
Gross production
Net production
Secondary production
7.
Maximum absorption of rainfall water is done by
tropical deciduous forest
tropical evergreen forest
tropical savannah
scrub forest
8.
Stability of ecosystem depends upon
primary productivity
interchange between producers and consumers
number of producers
number of consumers
9.
Which one of the following is considered as pioneer community in xerarch?
annual herb
perennial herb
scrub stage
forest stage
lichen
10.
Explain with the help of two examples,how the pyramid of number and the pyramid of biomass can look inverted.
11.
Distinguish between production and decomposition.
12.
Distinguish between litter and dertritus.
13.
Distinguish between grazing food chain and detritus food chain.
14.
Make a table showing typical climatic conditions in major forest types in India.
15.
Describe the role of living organisms in the cycle .
16.
Write a short note on pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.
17.
Why are green algae not likely to be found in the deepest strata of the ocean?
18.
Construct labelled grazing and detritus food chains with minimum three trophic levels each.
19.
What is a food web?
1.
( )
Their feeding relationship with other organisms.
2.
( )
Lichens are the pioneer species in the succession on rocks; they secrete acids to dissolve the rock and help in weathering and soil formation and pave way to bryophytes.
3.
( )
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Net primary productivity refers to the biomass/organic matter available at the producer level to the primary consumers,i.e. GPP-Respiratory losses.
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
Gross primary productivity is the rate of production of biomass/organic matter by producers during photosynthesis.
4.
( )
The pitcher plant bears chlorophyll and is photosynthetic;it depends on insects only for its nitrogen supply and hence is a producer.
5.
(a)
Producers
6.
(b)
Gross production
7.
(b)
tropical evergreen forest
8.
(b)
interchange between producers and consumers
9.
(e)
lichen
10.
(i) Pyramid of number can look inverted in a tree ecosystem,where the single tree is the producer (first trophic level) and a number of insects are feeding on that tree (primary consumers or second trophic level).
(ii) Pyramid of biomass in a sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds those of the phytoplankton,which are microscopic organisms.
11.
| Production | Decomposition |
|---|---|
|
1. It is the process of formation of biomass or organic compounds from simple inorganic substances. |
1. It is the process by which the saprotrophs break the larger organic molecules and ultimately into inorganic constituents. 2. It occurs at the level of decomposers. |
12.
| Litter | Detritus |
|---|---|
| 1. Dead plant parts, animal remains and freshly fallen parts of plants, which haven't undergone decomposition constitute litter. | 1. Dead parts of plants, animal remains,faecal matter, etc.in which decomposition has started constitute detritus. |
13.
| Grazing Food Chain | Detritus Food Chain |
|---|---|
|
1. It is the food chain where transfer of energy starts from the producers. |
1. It is the food chain where transfer of energy starts from detritus/decaying organic matter. |
14.
| Forest type | Mean annual Temperature \(\quad \quad { \circ }_{ C }\) | Mean annual rainfall (mm) | Dry months during the year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical rainforest | 23-37 | 2000-3500 | 2-3 |
| Tropical deciduous forest | 22-32 | 900-1600 | 6-8 |
| Temperature broadleaf forest | 6-20 | 1000-2500 | 3-5 |
| Temperature needle leaf forest | 6-15 | 500-1700 | 3-5 |
15.
Role of organisms
1. The roots of plants absorb the minute quantities of phosphates found dissolved in the soil solution.
2. The consumers obtain this element either directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores) from plants.
3. The organic wastes from the living organisms and the dead organisms are decomposed and the phosphate-solubilising bacteria release phosphorus.
16.
(a) Removal of all producer reduce primary production in the ecosystem. Hence, no biomass will be available to the successive/higher trophic level or heterotrophic organisms.
(b) Elimination of all organisms of herbivore level results into an increase in primary productivity and biomass of producer and carnivorous animal will not survive due to availability of food due to elimination of herbivores.
(c) Removal of top carnivores also disturb the ecosystem as it will result in huge increase in number of herbivores which will finish plants (producers) creating desertification.
17.
Green algae are not likely to be found in the deepest strata of sea because the environment is perpectually dark and sun as source of energy not available.
18.
Grazing food chain:
Autotrophs ---> herbivores ---> primary carnivores ---> secondary carnivores
Detritus food chain:
Decay and ---> decomposer ---> soil animal
Excretory organism which consume Materials other soil from the organisms. grazing food.
19.
Many organisms occupy different positions in different food chains, several food chains get interconnected to form the food web.
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