Controlling is an important managerial function. It is concerned with taking preventive actions against deviations. It is the process, through which managers assure that the actual activities conform to the planned activities. Controlling has a very wide scope. It does not end only by comparing the actual performance with planned performance, but its tries to find the reasons and solutions for such problems also.

    The main objective of controlling is to ensure that work is carried on as per plans. Secondly, it enables managers to find out errors and also provide direction, so that work goes on right track.

Positive effects of liberalisation and globalisation are:
(i) It helps in exposing firm to international competition.
(ii) It increases the inflow of foreign capital.
(iii) It simplifies the procedures of import and exports.
(iv) Removal of restrictions enables the firm to decide the price of goods and services.
(v) Employment opportunity increases.

Esprit de corps. It is the principle of management, according to which a manager should replace 'I' with 'We' in all his conversation with workers. Literally speaking, the phrase 'esprit de corps' means the spirit of loyalty and devotion which unites the members of the group.
According to Fayol, management should promote a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees. A manager should replace 'I' with 'We' in all his conversations with workers to foster team spirit. This will give rise to a spirit of mutual trust and belongingness among team members.

Yes, I agree as SEBI regulates and protects the interest of investors.SEBI was established in 1988 and given a statutory status in 1992, to protect the investors from the fraudulent malpractices, rampant in securities market before 1988.As a watchdog, it regulates the market and protects the investors by keeping a check on various manipulative activities by performing the following functions:
(i) Regulates takeover bids by companies.
(ii) Prohibits fraudulent and unfair trade practices.
(iii) Undertakes several steps to protect the investors, e.g. calls for information by conducting inspections, enquiries and audits of the companies.

Under the consumer protection Act,1986,the following can file a complaint:
(i) A consumer
(ii) Any voluntary consumer association registered under the Companies Act,1956 or any other law for the time being enforced.
(iii) The Central Government.
(iv) Any State Government.
(v) A legal heir or representative of a deceased consumer.

Components of business environment
(i) Components of Economic Environment:
1. Structure of economy
2. Rate of growth of GNP
3. Per capita income
4. Rates of savings and investments
5. Balance of Payments
6. Value of exports and imports
7. Agricultural and industrial production
8. Money supply in the economy
9. Public debt
(ii) Components of Social Environment 
1. Concern with quality of life
2. Life expectancy
3. Expectations from workforce
4. Birth and death rates
5. Population shifts
6. Educational system and literacy rates
7. Consumption habits
8. Composition of family
9. Attitudes towards product innovations, lifestyles, etc.
(iii)Components of Technological Environment
1. Spirit of invention and innovation among people.
2. Facilities for research and development.
3. Incentive and concessions for development and application of new technology
4. Legal protection for intellectual property rights.
5. Access to foreign technology.
(iv) Components of Political Environment
1. The constitution of the country 
2. Political stability
3. Political ideology
4. Political outlook on business sectors
5. Extent and nature of government intervention in business
6. Degree of politicization of business and economic issues.

Financing decision is concerned with the decisions about how much funds are to be raised from which long-term source,i.e. by means of shareholders' funds or borrowed funds.
Shareholders'  funds include share capital, reserves and surplus and retained earnings, whereas, borrowed funds include debentures, long-term loans and public  deposits.
Cost
The cost of raising funds from different, A wise finance manager opt for the cheapest source of finance.
Cash Flow Position
A stronger cash flow position may make debt financing more viable than funding through equity.
Level of Fixed Operating Cost
If a firm is having a higher fixed operating burden like payment of interests, premiums, salaries,rent, etc.then it should avoid financing through debt.This because it will further increase the interest payment burden and the firm can reach an unfavourable position.However, if the firm has lower operating cost, then the firm can borrow funds
Control Consideration  
Issue of more equity may dilute shareholders' control over the business.Therefore, a company afraid of a takeover bid may prefer debt to equity.

The process of organising consists of the following steps:
(i) Identification and division of work.
(ii) Departmentalisation.
(iii) Assignment of duties.
(iv) Establishing reporting relationships.
1. Identification and division of work
The first step in the process of organising involves identifying and dividing the work that has to be done in accordance with previously determined plans. Work is divided into manageable tasks, so that duplication can be avoided and workload can be shared among employees.
2. Departmentalisation
Once, work has been divided into small and manageable activities, then those activities which are similar in nature, are grouped together. This process is called departmentalisation. departments can be created on the basis of products, functions and territory. This brings specialisation in operations.
3. Assignment of Duties
Once the departments are created, each department is placed under the charge of an individual, called department head. Then, each job is allocated to an individual, according to his knowledge and skill. There should be a proper match between the nature of jobs and the ability of an individual.
4. Establishing Reporting Relationships
In the organisation, each employee has some authority as well as responsibility. It is necessary that every individual must know whom he has to take orders from and to whom he is answerable. This creates superior-subordinate hierarchy and helps in coordinating various activities in the organisation.

Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards the achievement of goals.
Certain qualities of traits possessed by individuals help them to become successful leaders These qualities are
I) Physical qualities: A good leader must possess a good height, weight, height and appearance. Health and endurance help a leader to work hard and inspire others also to do so.
2) Knowledge: A good leader should have required knowledge and competence so that he can influence others.
3) Integrity: A leader should possess high level of integrity and honesty so that he can be a role model to others
4) Initiative: A leader should have courage and initiative to do things on his own, rather than waiting for others to do it first.
5)  Communication skills: A leader should be a good communicator. He Should be able to clearly explain his views to others. He should not only be a good speaker But a good listener, researcher and counsellor.
6) Motivation skills: A leader should understand the needs of his employees and motivate them by satisfying their needs
7) Self-confidence: A leader should have a high level of confidence. He should not lose confidence even in the most difficult times.
8) Decisiveness: A leader must be decisive in the sense that once he has taken a decision, he should be firm on it
9) Social skills: A leader should be sociable and friendly with his colleagues and followers so that he can understand them and their needs.

Recruitment is the process of identifying the sources of prospective candidates and stimulating them to apply for the jobs in organisation. Recruitment is different from selection in the following ways:
(a) Recruitment aims at increasing the number of prospective candidates for a job whereas Selection process reduces the number of candidates with each step.
(b) Recruitment is followed by the selection process.