Tool Toolbox Cursor Use

Converting text in a Text block to a Frame
After created text in a text block, if you want to convert it to a frame. You can do this by using these steps.
1. Draw the frame of your choice using one of the Pagemaker's Frame tool.
2. Select the text block you want to insert in the frame.
3. Click the frame while pressing the Shift key. Now both elements will be selected.
4. Choose Element > Frame > Attach Content on the Menu bar.
5. Now the text appears in the frame. 

Converting text in a Text block to a Frame

Drawing a Star using Polygon tool To draw a Star
1. Click on the Polygon tool from the toolbox. The cursor changes to a crosshair.
2. Click and drag anywhere on the screen. As you drag, a Polygon appears.
3. Release the mouse button when the Polygon is of the desired size.
4. Choose Element > Polygon Settings in the menu bar.

Starting Adobe InDesign CC
1. Choose Start> All Programs> Adobe lriDesign CC 2019 (or)
Click on the InDesign short cut on the desktop.
2. Welcome to InDesign window will open. Now click on Create New ... button.

3. Now a New Document window will open.
When You create a new document, you have the opportunity to set many options in the New Document dialog box.
To set the basic options for a new document:
i) In the New Document dialog box, click a category tab: Print, Web, or Mobile.

Specify the following options.for the selected preset:
Width and Height: Specify the size of the document.
Units: Specify the measurement unit for the document.
Orientation: Specify a page orientation for the document: Landscape or Portrait.
Pages: Specify the number M pages to create in the document.
Facing pages: If you're creating a single-sided document-like an advertisement, poster, or handbill-leave Pacing Pages turned off. Turn it on for books and magazines, which usually have both left-hand and right-hand pages.
Start#: Specify which number the document starts on. If you specify an even number (such as 2) with Pacing Pages selected, the first spread in the document begins witha two-page spread.
Primary Text Frame: Select this option to add a primary text frame on the master page.
Columns: Specify the number of columns to add in the document.
Column Gutter: Specify the amount of whitespace between columns.
Margins: Specify the margins for each side of the document. To use. different values for different sides, delink the dimensions by clicking the chain icon.
Bleed and Slug: Specify the position of the bleed and slug along each side of the document. To use different values for different sides, delink the dimensions by clicking the chain icon.
4. Click the Create button to open a document with the preset settings.

Application bar
(i) The Application bar sits at the top of the workspace and includes several menus.
(ii) To open a menu, click !he menu name on the Application bar.
(iii) Each menu lists commands that relate to the menu category.
(iv) To the right of the menu names are workspace and view options.

1. Application menu                   
2. Search Adobe Stock
3. Zoom Level                           
4. pop-up menu   
5. Screen Mode                         
6. pop-up menu
7. Workspace                           
8. pop-up menu
9. Arrange Document            
10. pop-up menu
Document tab:
(i) The document tab appears just above the horizontal ruler and includes the document's name, its current magnification level, and a Close button.
(ii) When more than one document is open, a tab appears for each document and the document tabs appear in a horizontal row.
(iii) Click a document tab to view that document in the window.
(iv) You can drag a document tab out of the group to open it in a stand-alone window.
Tools panel:
(i) The Tools panel contains the tools available in InDesign.
(ii) There are tools for creating objects, such as the Rectangle tool, tools for transforming objects, such as the rotate tool, and tools for changing the page view and navigating the workspace, such as the Zoom tool and the Hand tool.
(iii) Some tools have a small triangle in the lower-right comer.
(iv) This indicates that additional tools are available beneath that tool.
(v) Click and hold the tool to see the hidden tools.

Follow these steps to place text into a document:
1. Choose File> Place in the menu bar, Place dialog box appears.
2. Locate the text file you want to place, select it and click the Open button on the right side of the Place dialog box.

Place option in the File Menu

Place dialog box

The loaded text cursor 
Text Frame
3. Your cursor changes to the loaded text cursor, indicating that the text is ready to be placed into your document.
4. Either click to place the text (filling the current column from the point at which you clicked to the end of the page) or click and drag to create a new text frame.
5. If a text frame cannot contain all the text placed within it, a red plussign overflow symbol appears on the lower-right border of the text frame.
(i) Clicking this overflow symbol loads the remaining text into your cursor for placement in an additional text frame.
(ii) To place this text, just click or click and drag to create a new text frame with the additional text.
(iii) This new text frame is linked to the previous text frame.
(iv) When linked, text flows freely between the two frames if you change the size of the frames or the formatting of the text. .

Creating Graphic Frame
(i) Graphic frame can hold graphic content.
(ii) You can distinguish a text frame from a normal graphic frame because the graphic frames display a non-printing 'X' in their centres.
(iii) Graphic frames are used to import pictures of other software programs. In InDesign, all imported images are contained within graphic frames.
(iv) The Tools panel contains three tools for drawing graphic frames.
1. Ellipse Frame - This tool lets you create oval and round frames.
2. Rectangle Frame - This tool lets you create rectangular and square frames.
3. Polygon Frame - This tool lets you create equilateral polygons frames.
To create a Rectangle frame
1. Click on the Rectangle Frame tool in the Tools panel (or) Press F in the keyboard.
2. Position the Rectangle Frame tool pointer on the page.
3. Drag to create a rectangle frame that is approximately the size and shape you want, then release the mouse button.
When you release the mouse button after creating a Rectangle frame, the frame you created is active.
If the Selection tool was previously selected, the frame is displayed within its bounding box, which contains eight resizing handles, which help you to change the shape or size of the bounding box or the frame.

Creating a Rectangle frame
Inserting Picture in Graphic Frame
Graphic frames are used to import pictures of other software programs. You can insert the picture in the frame.
1. Make a graphic frame.
2. Choose File > Place in the menu.
The Place dialog box appears.
3. Locate and select the picture you want to insert the frame.
4. Click on Open.
The picture will appear in the graphic frame.

To draw a spiral,
(i) Click and hold the Polygon tool. A flyout menu will appear.
(ii) Click on the Spiral tool from the flyout menu.
(iii) Now you should type a value in the Spiral revolutions box on the property bar to set the number of full-circle revolutions to appear in the new spiral object.
(iv) Next, click one of the following buttons on the property bar:
1. Symmetrical spiral
2. Logarithmic spiral
If you want to change the amount by which the spiral expands as it moves outward, move the Spiral expansion slide. Drag diagonally in the drawing window until the spiral is the required size.

Creating Stars
Polygon-tool has a small arrow in the lower-right corner of the tool. That little arrow indicates that this tool has a flyout.
To draw a star,
1. Click on the Polygon tool and hold down the mouse key. A flyout menu will appear showing you other tools.
2. Click on the Star tool from the flyout menu.
3. Click on anywhere in the drawing area and drag the mouse pointer.
4. Release the mouse button where you would like the end of the star.

Drawing Grids
Using Graph Paper tool, you can draw a grid and set the number of rows and columns. A grid is a grouped set of rectangles that you can break apart.
To draw a grid,
1. Click and hold the Polygon tool. A flyout menu will appear.
2. Select the Graph Paper tool from the flyout menu.
3. Now type values in the top and bottom portions of the Columns and rows box on the property bar. The value you type in the top portion of the Columns and rows box specifies the number of columns; the value you type in the bottom portion specifies the number of rows.
4. Click on anywhere in the drawing area where you want the grid to appear.
5. Drag diagonally to draw the required grid.
If you want to draw the grid from its center point outward, hold down Shift key as you drag; if you want to draw a grid with square cells, hold down Ctrl key as you drag.

1. Conceptual Analysis and Planning
(i) The process of multimedia making begins with a conceptual ignition point.
(ii) Conceptual analysis identifies a appropriate theme, budget arid content availability on that selected theme.
(iii) Additional criteria like copyright issues also are considered in this phase.
2. Project design:
(i) Once the theme is finalized objectives, goals, and activities are drawn for the multimedia project.
(ii) General statements are termed as goals.
(iii) The specific statements in the project is known as the objectives.
(iv) Activities are series of actions performed to implement an objective.
(v) These activities contribute to the Project design phase.
3. Pre-production:
(i)  Based on the planning and design, it is necessary to develop the project.
(ii) The following are the steps involved in pre-production:
4. Budgeting:
(i) Budgeting for each phases like consultants, hardware, software, travel, communication and publishing is estimated for all the multimedia projects.
5. Multimedia Production Team:
(i) The production team for a highend multimedia project requires a team efforts,
(ii) The team comprises of members playing various roles and responsibilities like Scriptwriter, Production manager, Editor, Graphics Architect, Multimedia Architect and Web Master.

(i) Animation is the process displaying still images so quickly so that they give the impression of continuous movement.
(ii) In animation the screen object is a vector image in animation. Using numerical transformations the movement of that image along its paths is calculated for their defining coordinates.
(iii) The least frame rate of at least 16 frames per second gives the impression of smoothness and for natural looking it should be at least 25 frames per second. 
(iv) Animations may be in two or three dimensional.
(v) The two dimensional animation, bring an image alive, that occur on the flat X and Y axis of the screen.
(vi) While in three dimensional animation it occurs along the three axis X, Y and Z. Animation tools are very powerful and effective.
(vii) The two basic types of animations are Path animation and Frame animation.
Path Animation:
(i) Path animation involves moving an object on a screen that has a constant background.
(ii) e.g. a cartoon character, may move across the screen regardless of any change in the background or the character.
Frame Animation:
(i) In frame animations, multiple objects are allowed to travel simultaneously and the background or the objects also changes.

The following is an outline of current file formats used for the production and delivery of multimedia data.
Text Formats:
RTF
(i) Rich Text Format is the primary file format introduced in 1987 by Microsoft with the specification of their published products and for cross-platform documents interchange.
Plain text
(i) Plain text files can be opened, read and edited with most text editors. Commonly used are Notepad (Windows), Gedit or nano (Unix, Linux), TextEdit (Mac as X) and so on.
(ii) Other computer programs are also capable of reading and importing plain text. Plain text is the original and popular way of conveying an e-mail.
Image Formats:
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
(i) This format is common in desktop publishing world (high quality output), and is supported by almost all software packages.
(ii) Recent versions of TIFF allows image compression, and the format is comfortable for moving large files between computers.
BMP (Bitmap)
(i) Initially this format is in use with Windows 3.1. It is quite large and uncompressed and hence BMP is used for the high-resolution or large images.
DIB (Device Independent Bitmap)
(i) This format which is similar to BMP, allows the files to be displayed on a variety of devices.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
(i) GIF is a compressed image format. Most of the computer color images and backgrounds are GIF files.
(ii) This file format is best suitable for graphics that uses only limited colors, and it is the most popular format used for online color photos.
(iii) 13-bit Color look up table is used by the GIF format to identify its color values. This format is supported widely.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
(i) JPEG was designed to attain maximum image compression.
(ii) It uses lossy compression technique, where a compression method is referred that loses some of the data required for the image reconstruction.
(iii) It works good with photographs, naturalistic artwork, and similar material but functions less on lettering, live drawings or simple cartoons.
TGA (Targa)
(i) It is the first popular format for high resolution images. TGA is supported by Most of the video-capture boards.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
(i) An extensible file format for the less loss, portable and well compressed storage of raster Images.
(ii) PNG acts as replacement for GIF and also replaces multiple common uses of TIFF.
(iii) PNG works good with online viewing applications like worldwide web, so it is fully streameable with a best display option.
Digital Audio File Formats:
WAV (Waveform Audio File Format)
(i) It is the most popular audio file format in windows for storing uncompressed sound files.
(ii) In order to attain the reduced file size it can also be converted to other file formats like MP3.
MP3 (MPEG Layer-3 Format)
(i) MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for storing and downloading music.
(ii) The MP3 files are roughly compressed to one-tenth the size of an equivalent WAV file.
OGG
(i) A free, open source container format that is designed for obtaining better streaming and evolving at high end quality digital multimedia.
(ii) it can be compared to MP3 files in terms of quality.
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
(i) A standard audio file format used by Apple which is like a WAY file for the Mac.
WMA (Windows Media Audio)
(i) It is a popular windows media audio format owned by Microsoft and designed with Digital Right Management (DRM) abilities for copyright protection.
RA (Real Audio Format) 
(i) Real Audio format is designed for streaming audio over the Internet.
(ii) The digital audio resources are usually stored as a computer file in computer's hard drive or CD/DVD.
Besides the variety of audio file formats available, the most common formats are wave files (.WAV) and MPEG Layer-3 files (.MP3), WMA and RA.
Digital Video File Formats
AVI (Audio/Video Interleave)
(i) AVI is the video file format for Windows.
(ii) Here sound and picture elements are stored in alternate interleaved chunks in the file.
MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
(i) MPEG is a standard for generating digital video and audio compression under the International Standards Organization (ISO) by the group of people.
(ii) The group has developed MPEG-1, the standard on which Video CD and MP3 are based, MPEG-2, the standard that supports products as Digital Television set top boxes and DVD, MPEG-4, the standard for multimedia and mobile web.
(iii) MPEG-7, the standard for search of audio and visual content. Research on MPEG-21 "Multimedia Framework" has started in 2000. Simply MPEG is the standards for digital video and audio compression.

  The Flash CS6 workspace includes a variety of tools and other components that you work with to create Flash applications.

Flash Window Components
The Flash window is divided into four main components. They are
1. Stage and Pasteboard
2. Timeline
3. Tools panel
4. Property Inspector
1. Stage and Pasteboard:
(i) The white rectangle area in the middle of your workspace is called the Stage.
(ii)  All the animations, objects and scenes for a Flash movie are created, edited, placed and played back in the stage.
(iii) The gray area surrounding the Stage in Flash is the Pasteboard.
2. Timeline
(i) The time line is one of the most important components of Flash.
(ii) It is located below the Stage. It is used to specify of each element's appearance and animation.
(iii) The Timeline also contains Frames and Layers.
(iv) Flash movies measure time in frames. Frames are the discrete, small slices of time.
3. Tools panel
(i) The Flash Tools panel includes the tools you need to create, select, or edit graphics on the Stage.
(ii) The double arrows at the top of the Tools panel are used to collapse the panel to icon only view, or to expand the panel and see all the tools.
4. Property Inspector
(i) The Property Inspector appears on the right side of your Flash workspace by default.
(ii) It is grouped with the Library panel.
(iii) It displays properties and options for objects selected on the Stage, and also allows you to modify them.
(iv) The object can be text, an image, a line, or any other shape.

 The AutoCAD 2016 interface is based on Ribbons and the Application Menu,
 The important feature of this interface is that the size of the Graphical Area will be bigger.

(i) One of the most basic shapes used by drafters and designers is the rectangle. You can create a rectangle using the LINE command, but doing so has some disadvantages.
(ii) For example, you would have to take the time to make sure that the corner angles are exactly 90°. Also, each line segment would be a separate object.
(iii) Therefore, AutoCAD 2016 provides the RECTANG command, which allows you to create a rectangle with perfect corners and as a single object.
(iv) Clicking anywhere on a rectangle created with the RECTANG command selects the entire rectangle.
To draw a Rectangle using the cursor to select  the corners:
1. Command: RECTANGLE (or) REC (Press Enter Key)
2. The following will appear on the command line:
RECTANGLE
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
Specify the location of the first corner by moving the cursor to a location (P1) and then press the left mouse button.
3. The following will appear on the command line:
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:
Specify the location of the diagonal corner (P2) by moving the cursor diagonally away from the first corner (P1) and pressing the left mouse button. Now a rectangle will appear.

Draw a rectangle defined by diagonal points (20,30) and (150,160).
Command: RECTANGLE ⤶
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 20,30 ⤶
Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: 150,160 ⤶

A Rectangle define by diagonal points (20.30) and (150,160)

After created text in a text block, if you want to convert it to a frame. You can do this by using these steps.
(i) Draw the frame of your choice using one of the PageMaker's Frame tool.
(ii) Select the text block you want to insert in the frame.
(iii) Click the frame while pressing the Shift key. Now both elements will be selected.
(iv) Choose Element > Frame > Attach Content on the Menu bar.
(v)  Now the text appears in the frame.

(i) The main purpose of PageMaker is composing pages. You can insert new pages into a document, remove existing pages, move between pages, and sort pages in a large document.
Going to a specific Page:
PageMaker provides several methods for navigating the pages in your publication.
Method 1:
(i) You can move from one page to another by using the Page up and Page down keys on your keyboard.
(ii) This is probably the navigation methods you will use most often.
Method 2:
(i) You can move from one page to another by using the page icons. at the left bottom of the screen. Click on the page icon that corresponds to the page that you want to view. The page is displayed.
Method 3:
Using the Go to Page dialog box. Refer Figure 1.52 and 1.53
To go to a specific page in a document.
(i) Choose Layout > Go to Page in the menu bar (or) Press Alt + Ctrl + G in the keyboard.

Go to page option in the Layout Menu
Now the Go to Page dialog box appears.

Go to Page dialog box
(i) In the dialog box, type the page number that you want to view.
(ii) Then click on OK button. The required page is displayed on the screen.

Multimedia authoring tools make it easier to create full scale multimedia projects.
Fortunately, there are assortments of tools available to choose from.
1. Apple Media Tool
2. Astound 
3. Asymmetric Multimedia ToolBook1
4. Authorware
5. Cinemation
6. Course Builder
7. CT Professional
8. Digital Chisel
9. Director
10. Director Multimedia Studio
11. FireWalker
12. Formula Graphics 
13. HM-Card Hypermedia Authoring System
14. HyperCard
15. HyperPlus
16. Hyperstudio
17. HyperWriter
18. IconAuthor
19. Klik & Play
20. MediaLink
21. MM100
22. MovieWorks Interactive
23. mPower
24. mTropolis
25. Oracle Media Objects
26. Ozone
27. Pegasus
28. PowerMedia for Visual Basic
29. Quest
30. Shockwave
31. ShowBasic
32. Special Delivery
33. SuperCard

Here are some general guidelines for taking good portraits:
(i) Use longer focal lengths instead of shorter (telephoto instead of wide angle). This will make your subjects face more natural and less bulbous.
(ii) Use a wide aperture for shallow depth of field. This will focus attention on your subject and not your background.
(iii) Avoid distracting backgrounds.
(iv) Try to achieve even illumination by exploiting natural light. If you can't use natural light, then use studio lights and/or multiple flashes and/or a bounce flash.
(v) Avoid taking pictures where part of your subject's face is in shadow unless you really know what you're doing.
(vi) Avoid using a single flash pointing directly at the subject. This will create harsh shadows on either the subject of the area behind the subject.

This tool is used to draw ovals and circles.
To use the Oval tool, follow the steps.
1. Click the Oval Tool( O) on the tools panel.
2. From the Property Inspector panel, select the desired stroke colour, thickness, style and fill colour of the oval.
3. Position the mouse pointer on the stage where you want the oval. The mouse pointer changes to a plus sign(+). Keeping the mouse button pressed, drag the mouse to draw the oval.
4. Release the mouse button when you get an oval of the desired size. You can also draw a circle using the Oval Tool by just pressing and holding the Shift key while dragging the mouse.