Given,ratio is 3 : 2, whose two parts are 3 and 2.
\(\therefore\) Sum of two parts = 3 + 2 = 5
This means, if there are 5 pens, Sheela gets 3 pens and Sangeeta gets 2 pens.
We can say that, Sheela gets 3 parts and Sangeeta gets 2 parts out of every 5 pans.
Now, total number of pens = 20
\(\therefore\)  of pens for Sheela \(=\frac{3}{5}\times20=12\) and number of pens for Sangeeta \(=\frac{2}{5}\times20=8\)
Hence,out of 20 pens Sheela gets 12 pens and Sangeeta gets 8 pens.

Given, Shreya's age = 15 yr
and Bhoornika's age = 12 yr
\(\therefore\) Ratio of their ages \(=\frac{Shreya's\ age}{Bhoomika's\ age}\)
\(=\frac{15\ yr}{12\ yr}=\frac{15}{12}\)
\(\frac{15\div3}{12\div3}=\frac{5}{4}=5:4\) [\(\because\) HCF of 15 and 12 = 3]
Now, mother wants to divide Rs. 36 between her daughters in the ratio of their ages.
\(\therefore\) Sum of the pans of ratios = 5 + 4 = 9
Amount which has to be divided = Rs.36
Here, we can say that Shreya gets 5 pans and Bhoomika gets 4 parts out of every 9 parts.
\(\therefore Shreya's share=\frac{5}{9}\times36=Rs.20\)
and \(Bhoomika's\ share=\frac{4}{9}\times36=Rs.16\)
Hence, Shreya gets Rs.20 and Bhoomika gets Rs.16.

6

Total number of members = 100
Number of members, who play carom = 20
Number of members, who play table tennis = 24
Number of members, who play badminton = 16
Number of members, who do not play any game
=100 -(20 + 24 + 16)=100 - 60 = 40
(a) Ratio of members of carom to the members of table tennis \(=20:24=\frac{20}{24}=5:6\)
(b) Ratio of members of badminton to the members of carom \(=16:20=\frac{16}{20}=\frac{4}{5}=4:5\)
(c) Ratio of table tennis to the member of those, who play badminton \(=24:16=\frac{24}{16}=\frac{3}{2}=3:2\)
(d) Ratio of badminton to the number of those, who do not play any game \(=16:40=\frac{16}{40}=\frac{2}{5}=2:5\)

Rs 180, Rs 120

Reena's earning = Rs. 90000
Reena's saving = Rs.30000
Ratio of earning to the saving \(=\frac{90000}{30000}=3:1\)
The value depict here is economic planning for future.

8

14 : 19

Given,the ratio of zinc and copper in alloy = 7 : 9 and total weight of alloy = 8 kg
Let the weight of zinc and copper in alloy be 7x and 9x respectively, where, x is a multiple of weight
Then,total weight = 7x + 9x = 16x
\(\therefore 16x=8\ kg \Rightarrow x=\frac{8}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\therefore\)  Weight of copper in alloy  \(=9x=9\times\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{9}{2}\ kg=4\frac{1}{2}\ kg\)
Hence, the weight of copper is  \(4\frac{1}{2}\ kg\).

1. \(\because\) Cost of 2 handkerchiefs = Rs. 30
\(\therefore\) Cost of 1 handkerchief = Rs. \(\frac { 30 }{ 2 } \) = 15
2. \(\because\) Cost of 3 kg rice = Rs. 600
\(\therefore\) cost of 1 kg rice = Rs. \(\frac { 600 }{ 3 } \)=200
3. \(\because\) Cost of 5 combs = Rs. 30
\(\therefore\) Cost of 1 comb = Rs. \(\frac { 30 }{ 5 } \) = Rs. 6
4. \(\because\) Cost of 12 envelopes = Rs. 60
\(\therefore\) Cost of 1 envelope = Rs. \(\frac { 60 }{ 12 } \) = Rs. 5
5. \(\because\) Cost of 8 postcards = Rs. 8
\(\therefore\)Cost of 1 postcard = Rs. \(\frac { 8 }{ 8 } \) ​​​​​​​= Rs. 1