The major nutrients in our food are
(i) Carbohydrates       
(ii) Proteins
(iii) Fats
(iv) Vitamins
(v) Minerals
(vi) Water and roughage

(a) Oil and ghee are the food items rich in fats.
(b) Rice and potato are the food items rich in starch.
(c) Spinach and cabbage are the food items rich in dietary fibre.
(d) Pulses and milk are rich in protein.

The two sources of animal fats are- Meat and cheese
(i) Meat from different animals like hens, pigs, etc.
(ii) Cheese from milk produced by cones.

Tasty food is not always nutritious and nutritious food may not always be tasty to eat. Certain examples in favour of the above statement are
(i) Potato chips are tasty to eat but not nutritious as they contain huge amount of fats.
(ii) Green leafy vegetables either boiled or steamed are very nutritious but not good in taste.
(iii) Certain fast foods like pizza, burger, etc., are very good to taste but are not nutritious as they contain huge amount of fat.

Paheli should include roughage in her diet. Roughage is the fibrous matter in food which cannot be digested. It has no nutritive value but its presence is essential for normal functioning of the digestive system. Thus, Paheli must include whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables in her diet as fibre (roughage) is found in these food items.

Though minerals and vitamins are needed in very small quantities by our body yet these are important parts of balanced diet because
(i) vitamins are necessary for good eyesight (vitamin-A), growth (vitamin-B₁), keeping teeth gums and joints healthy (vitamin-C) and normal growth of bones (vitamin-D).
(ii) minerals are needed in our body for building bones and teeth (calcium and phosphorus), formation of blood (iron), coagulation of blood and functioning of muscles (calcium) and functioning of thyroid gland (iron).

(a) Carbohydrates and fats mainly give energy to our body.
(b) Proteins and minerals are needed for growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) Vitamin-A is required for maintaining good eyesight.
(d) Calcium is a mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.

(a) Boojho is suffering from night blindness.
(b) The food component which may be lacking in his diet is vitamin-A.
(c) The food items that he should include in his diet to overcome the deficiency of vitamin are carrot, papaya, milk, mango and fish oil.

(a) Manvi had not eaten any food since morning. She was tired as no energy giving food has been eaten by her. Lack of food leads to no energy and restlessness.
(b) The components present in food are carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats and minerals.
Carbohydrates and fats are energy yielding components in food.
(c) Manvi is humble, fun loving girl who realised her mistakes. She respects her olders and tries to follow instructions given by them.

(a) Use of iodised salt is very important as iodine is an important mineral nutrient needed in body for supporting functions of thyroid gland and other growth related functions.
(b) If iodine is not incorporated in our diet, it will lead to its deficiency. Thyroid functions will be impaired along with growth and development.
It causes swelling of thyroid gland present in the neck.
(c) In hilly areas, the food and drinking water both are lacking in iodine. Thus, this deficiency is observed there more.
(d) Yes, in children, deficiency of iodine causes cretinism, i.e. retardation of physical and mental growth. In adults, it causes goitre, an abnormal swelling in neck region.

(a) The main sources of calcium minerals are milk, cheese, eggs and green vegetables. It also found in flour and bread.
It helps in formation of bone, teeth and blood clotting.
(b) Magnesium is found in cheese, green vegetable, bread and fish.
It helps in energy transfer and muscles activity. It works with calcium and vitamin-C.
(c) Potassium is found in meat, fruit, eggs, milk, etc.
The main function of potassium is balance in tissue fluid and blood. It also helps in nerve impulse conduction.
(d) Zinc is mainly found in onions, liver and green vegetables.
It works as a enzyme activator in our body.
(e) Iron is found in green vegetables, fresh fruits, etc.
Iron is needed to make haemoglobin present in red blood cells which carry oxygen from the lungs to the body parts.