\({ Ni }^{ 2+ }+{ 2e }^{ - }\longrightarrow Ni\quad Eq.wt.=\frac { At.wt }{ valency } =\frac { 58.9 }{ 2 } ,Z=\frac { Eq.wt }{ 96500 } =\frac { 58.9 }{ 2\times 96500 }\)
\(m=Z\times I\times t=\frac { 58.9 }{ 2\times 96500 } \times 5\times 20\times 60s=1.83g\)

H₂O has higher oxidation potential than F^- ions. Hence, in aqueous solution, as compared to F^- ions, H₂O is more easily oxidized to give O₂ gas. Therefore, F₂ cannot be obtained by electrolysis of aqueous HF solution.

\(\wedge_{e q}=\frac{k \times 1000}{N},\) where k is specific conductance in S cm^-1, N is normality in g eq, L^-1, ∧eq is in S cm2 (g eq)^-1.\(\)

(i) \(\alpha \) -Amino acids contain both an acidic carboxyl group and a basic amino group. These two groups neutralize each other. As a result, \(\alpha \)-amino acids largely exist as dipolar ions or zwitterions.
\(N{ H }_{ 2 }-CH-COOH\rightleftharpoons \overset { + }{ N{ H }_{ 3 } } -CH-{ COO }^{ - }\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad |\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad |\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad R\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad R\\ \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad Zwitterion\)
Due to dipole-dipole interactions, the molecules of \(\alpha \)-amino acids are held together by strong forces of attraction and hence amino acids have high melting points. Further, due to strong interactions between the +ve and -ve poles of \(\alpha \)-amino acids with polar water molecules,  \(\alpha \)-amino acids are moderately soluble in water.
(ii) Secondary structure of proteins refers to the conformation or the shape which the polypeptide chains assume as a result of H-bonding. There are two types of secondary structures of proteins. These are \(\alpha \)-helix and \(\beta \) pleated sheet structure.

Vitamin E is oil soluble. One of its richest source is almond oil (Badam Rogan).

Amino acids may be acidic, basic or neutral depending upon the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups present in the molecule. Equal number of amino and carboxyl groups makes it neutral, more number of amino than carboxyl groups makes it basic and more carboxylic groups as compared to amino groups makes it acidic.
Essential Amino Acids:  Amino acids which can't be created in our body but can only be received from proper food or diet are called Essential Amino Acids. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.
Non- essential amino acids: Amino acids which can be created in our body itself are Non- essential amino acids. Examples-alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid. Examples- Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine.

Amino acids contain an acidic (carboxyl group) and a basic (amino) group within the same molecule. In aqueous solution, they neutralize each other. The carboxyl group loses a proton while the amino group accepts it. As a result, a dipolar or zwitterion is formed.

In zwitterionic form, a-amino acids show amphoteric behavior as they react with both acids and bases.
In the acidic medium, \({ COO }^{ - }\) ion of the zwitterion accepts a proton to form the cation (I) while in the basic medium, \(\overset { + }{ { NH }_{ 3 } } \)ion loses a proton to form the anion (II).

Thus, \(\overset { + }{ { NH }_{ 3 } } \)group acts as the acid while \({ COO }^{ - }\)group acts as the base.

% of Cu, Fe, Ag are 98.88, 0.831, 0.289 respectively.

Ag ⁺e⁻ → Ag 
Quantity of charge required to deposit 108g of silver = 96500C 
∴ Quantity of charge required to deposit 1.50g of silver = 96500/108 x 1.50 =1340.28C 
t = Q/I 
∴Time taken = 1340.28/1.50 
 = 893.52 s

C-1 of glucose unit and C-2 of fructose unit are anomeric carbon atoms in the given disaccharide. The disaccharide is non-reducing sugar because -OH groups attached to anomeric carbon atoms are involved in the formation of glycosidic bond.

During osazone formation, the reaction occurs only at CI and C2 while rest of the molecule remains intact. Since glucose and fructose differ from each other only in the arrangement of atoms at CI and C2, therefore, they. give the same osazone.

(a) Faraday's first law of electrolysis It states that the amount of chemical reaction occurring at an electrode by passing current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the electrolyte. Charge required for the reduction of 1 mole of Cu²⁺ to Cu = 2F
(b) \(Cu^{ 2+ }Mg\rightarrow Mg^{ 2+ }+Cu\)
Given, E_{^O Cell} = +271 V
By using Nernst equation,
\(E_{ cell }=E^{ 0 }_{ cell }-\frac { 0.059 }{ n } log\frac { Mg^{ 2+ } }{ Cu^{ 2+ } } \)
Here, n = 2 and E⁰ _cell = + 2.71 V
\(\therefore E_{ cell }=2.71-\frac { 0.059 }{ 2 } log\frac { 0.1 }{ 0.01 } \)
\(=2.71-\frac { 0.059 }{ 2 } log10\)
= 2.71- 0.0295
\([\therefore \) log₁₀ = 1]
= 2.68 V

(i) Electrons move from Zn to Ag (See figure).

(ii) Ag acts as cathode.
(iii) Cell will stop working.
(iv) When E_cell = 0
(v) The concentration of Zn²⁺ ions will increase and conc. of Ag⁺ will decrease.
(vi) When Ecell = 0, equilibrium is reached and cone. of Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions will not change.

(a) It is because they contain 'Chiral' carbon atoms.
(b) Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid.
(c) Haemoglobin
(d) Glycerol and fatty acids
(e) Glycerol is hygroscopic in nature, therefore, keep the skin moist.