Nothing goes waste in a forest because of the following reasons
(i) Dry leaves and remains of dead animals are converted to a dark coloured substance called humus. This provides nutrients to the plants.
(ii) Dead animals become food for vultures, crows, jackals and insects.
(iii) Broken branches of trees are used as fuel by the people living in the vicinity of the forest.

Forests harbour great variety of plants and animals. Plants provide food to herbivores. Larger number of herbivores means increased availability of food for a variety of carnivores. Wide variety of animals helps forest to regenerate.

Forests maintain balance in nature. There conservation is the need of the hour. We should take the following steps to conserve the forests.
(i) Planned harvesting An efficient way to get wood from forests for our requirements is to cut only some of the trees in an area. The uncut trees prevent erosion. Fruits of these trees produce seeds so that new trees can grow. This way the forest cover is maintained.
(ii) Afforestation This is the practice of renewing a forest by planting seedlings or small trees. These days, in our country, planned afforestation is being done not only by the government but also by private organisations for commercial purposes. Selective cutting of trees in these plantations provides wood for construction and also keeps the forest cover intact.
(iii)Protection from fire Huge forest areas are destroyed by fire every year. Fire may occur due to the carelessness of people or due to lightning during a storm or by friction between dry stems and dry branches of trees.Forest fires are controlled by spraying fire extinguishing solutions from aircrafts or by changing the direction of wind by using strong blowers.

The three activities going on in the forest on the basis of the given figure are
(i) Oxygen is given out by plant leaves.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is consumed by the plants to prepare their food by the process of photosynthesis.
(iii) Nutrients are being added to the soil by the action of decomposers.

(a) Sachin noticed the disturbance in the water cycle in his area like stream drying up. Pond water getting muddy, less availability of fuel wood, etc.
(b) Deforestation.
(c) Love for nature and environmental consciousness.

(a) The sequence of living organisms in which one organism eats another is called a food chain.
(b) \(\underset { (Procedur) }{ Grass } \longrightarrow \underset { (Herbivore) }{ Insect } \longrightarrow \underset { (Carnivore) }{ Frog } \longrightarrow \underset { (Large\quad carnivore) }{ Snake } \longrightarrow \underset { (Top\quad carnivore) }{ Eagle } \)
(c)Scientific attitude, Obligation to maintain the ecosystem of nature.

The forest acts as a natural absorber of rain water and allows it to seep. It helps to maintain the water table throughout the year. Forests not only helps in controlling floods but also help to maintain the flow of water in the streams so that we get a steady supply of water. On the other hand, if trees are not present rain hits the ground directly and may flood the area around it. Heavy rain may also damage the soil. Roots of trees normally bind the soil together, but in their absence the soil is washed away or eroded.

 

We must protect our forest because:
(i) Forests provide us with oxygen.
(ii) They protect soil and provide habitat to a large number of animals.
(iii) Forest help in bringing good rainfall in neighbouring areas.
(iv) They are sources of medicines, timber and many other useful products.

(i) Make sure that you have permission to go into the forest.
(ii) To make sure that you can find your way around. Get a map and go along with someone who is familiar with the area.
(iii) Keep a record of the things you see and do.
(iv) Record bird calls and other animal calls.
(v) Learn to recognise animal droppings and never disturb any animal.

(i) Forests give oxygen to keep us alive.
(ii) Forests absorb carbon dioxide, a gas which in excess in atmosphere contribute to climatic changes.
(iii) Forests provide us wood, gum, medicinal plants and many more things.
(iv) Forests save the soil from erosion.
(v) Forests help in maintaining the ground water level.