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Published on: 29/10/2025
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1.
Boojho planned an activity to observe an object A through pipes as shown in figure so that he could see objects which he could not directly see.

(a) Mention how many mirrors should he use to see the objects.
(b) Indicate the positions of the mirrors in the figure.
(c) State what must be the angle w.r.t. the incident light at which he should place the mirrors.
(d) Indicate the direction of rays in the figure.
(e) If any of the mirrors is removed, will he be able to see the objects?
2.
Explain the process which enables us to perceive motion in a cartoon film.
3.
There is a mistake in each of the following ray diagrams given as figure (a), (b), and (c). Make the necessary correction(s).
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4.
Two students of your class brought three big plane mirrors in their classroom for science fair. They fixed the three mirrors. One at the ceiling and the other two on the adjacent walls of the room. Since every student was able to see six images of himself/herself. Students of other classes also come to see this and felt happy. A student of class VII was determined to know the reason behind it. He went to the library, consult other students and next day come up with the correct answer.
(a) Mention the value were depicted by the students of class VII?
(b) Also, give the reason for seeing six images.
5.
How is the phenomenon of reflection used in making a kaleidoscope? What are the applications of a kaleidoscope?
6.
Explain the reason for the following statement. We usually take some time to see the objects in a dim light room, when we enter into the room from bright sunlight outside.
7.
Describe an activity to show that the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
8.
Describe the construction of a kaleidoscope.
9.
Write down the names of parts of the eye in the blank spaces shown in fig. below.

10.
How can you take care of the eyes?
1.
(a) Number of mirrors = 3
(b) Positions of the mirrors are as shown in figure.
(c) Mirrors should be placed at 45° w.r.t. the incident light. So, that ray can move forward.
(d) Direction of rays is shown in figure.
(e) He will not be able to see the objects if any of the mirrors is removed since he will not get the rays after that removed mirror.
2.
In a cartoon film, the movement of cartoons is completely perceived by brain after getting signals from optic nerve. Since persistence of vision is completely brain centred.
The image is formed on retina which changes continuously and through optic nerve, signals reach to the brain and brain orders eyes to watchit in continuous motion.
3.
The correct diagrams are as below:
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4.
(a) The values depicted by the students of class VII is the determination and critical thinking.
(b) As the mirrors on two adjacent walls inclined at an angle of 90° will form three images and the mirror on ceiling will repeat them. It means mirror on ceiling will form three images of the images formed by two perpendiculars (90°) mirrors.
5.
Kaleidoscope is a cylinder with mirrors containing loose, coloured objects such as beads or pebbles and bits of glass. As the viewer looks into one end, light entering the other creates a colourful pattern due to reflection. Its applications are given below:
(i) It works on the principle of multiple reflections, where several mirrors are placed at an angle (usually 60°) to one another. Typically, these are three rectangular mirrors set at 60° to each other so that they form an equilateral triangle.
(ii) The 60° angle creates seven duplicate images of the objects, 5 at 60° and 2 at 90°. As the tube is rotated, the tumbling of the coloured objects presents varying colours and patterns.
(iii) It is used in decoration purposes, toys, etc.
6.
Since, when we are in the bright sunlight at that moment iris causes the pupil to become smaller so that a little amount of light can enter the eye. Morever, the rods of retina are also made to get adjusted in the same manner.
And when a person enters into dim light room, then iris take some time to increase the pupil diameter, due to which large amount of light enters the eye, so that's why when we enter into the room from bright sunlight outside, then we usually take some time to see the objects in a dim room.
7.
An activity to show that the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane is as follows:
(i) Fix a white sheet of paper on a drawing board or a table.
(ii) Take a comb and drain all its openings except one in the middle using a slack paper.
(iii) Hold the comb perpendicular to the sheet of paper.
(iv) Throw light from a torch through the opening of the comb from one side.
(v) With the adjustment of the torch and comb, we see a ray of light along the paper strike the mirror.
(vi) After striking the mirror the ray of light is reflected in another direction. The ray that strikes any surface is called the incident ray.
(vii) The ray that comes back from the surface after reflection is called the reflected ray.
Theoretically, we can describe the above activity as follows:
(1) Draw a straight horizontal line with small slanted line on it showing the painted side of the mirror as shown in the figure below.

(2) Draw the incident ray, reflected ray and normal as shown such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and all the three rays lie in the same plane.
8.
The construction of a kaleidoscope :
(i) Get three rectangular mirror strips each about 15 em long and 4 cm wide.
(ii) Join them together to form prism.
(iii) Fix them in a circular cardboard tube or a tube of thick chart paper.
(iv) Make sure that the tube is slightly longer than the mirror strips.
(v) Close one end of the tube by a cardboard dice having a hole in the centre through which we can see.
(vi) To increase durability paste a piece of transparent plastic sheet under the cardboard disc.
(vii) At the other end touching mirror fix a circular plane glass plate.
(viii) Place several small pieces of coloured glass bangles this glass plate.
(ix) Close this end of the tube by a ground glass plate. Keep enough space between the pieces to move around.
9.
(1) Cornea
(2) Iris
(3) Eye lens
(4) Ciliary muscles
(5) Sclera
(6) Blind Spot.
10.
Care of the eyes: It is necessary to take proper care of eyes. Few suggestions are as follows:
(i) If advised, use suitable spectacles.
(ii) Too little or too much light is bad for eyes. Insufficient light causes eye strain and headaches.
(iii) Do not look at the sun or a powerful light directly.
(iv) Never rub your eyes. If particles of dust go into your eyeswash your eyeswith cleanwater.
(v) Always read at the normal distance for vision. Do not read by bringing the book too close to your eyes or keeping it too far.
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