Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny
(i) There was widespread unemployment in Europe in 1830. So, when the Spinning Jenny was introduced in the woollen industry in Britain, workers opposed it.
(ii) This reduced labour demand as by turning one single wheel a worker could set a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time.
(iii) Workers feared that they would lose their jobs.
(iv) So women workers in Britain who survived on hand spinning attacked the Spinning Jenny.

Because of the following reasons, European industrialists preferred hand labour over machines:
(i) There was no shortage of human labour. Poor peasants and labourers moved to the cities in large number in search of work.When there was plenty of labour, wages were low. So industrialists had no problem of labour shortage or high wage costs.
(ii) The demand for labour was seasonal. They need more extra hands before December to meet their peak demand.
(iii) Winter was the time that ships were repaired. Thus production fluctuated with the seasons.
(iv) Certain products were produced only with hand labour.
(v) The upper classes such as aristocrats finished, individually produced by hand

(i) Before the war, the industrial growth in India was slow.
(ii) The war created a new situation as the British mills started the production to meet the needs of the British.
(iii) So that Manchester imports into India were stopped.
(iv) This was the golden chance to Indian industry to produce good for home supply.
(v) But the British mills alone were unable to fulfil the demands of the British.
(vi) So as the war prolonged Indian factories were called to supply the bags, uniforms, tents boots, horse saddles etc.

(i) It ruined the cloth industry in India because the Manchester cloth was both cheap, show and durable
(ii) The weavers were forced to give up their ancestral profession of cloth weaving and had to work as labourers in urban areas.

(i) Collapse of local and foreign market: Due to industrialisation in Britain, their export market collapsed. as British traders started exporting machine-made-clothes to India, so their local market shrank.
(ii) Shortage of raw material: As raw cotton was being exported to England, there was a shortage of raw materials.
When the American Civil War broke out and the cotton supplies from the United states were cut off. Britain turned to India. As raw cotton exports Iron and increased, the price of raw cotton shot up Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.
(iii) Clashes with Gomasthas: Gomasthas were appointed by the government to supervise weaves to collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth. The Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in supply. So the weavers dashed with them.
(iv) System of advances: The Britishers started the system of advances to regularise the supply of cotton and cloth. The weavers eagerly took the advance, in a hope to cam more but they faded to do so they even started losing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated