CBSE 12th Standard Biology Subject Biotechnology: Principles and Processes HOT Questions 2 Marks Questions With Solution 2021
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CBSE 12th Standard Biology Subject Biotechnology: Principles and Processes HOT Questions 2 Marks Questions With Solution 2021
12th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Biology
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A and B are two different cloning vectors in two different bacterial colonies cultured in chromogenic substrate Bacterial colonies with cloning vector A were colourless, whereas those with B were blue coloured. Explain by giving reasons the cause of difference in colour that appeared.
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A plasmid DNA and a linear DNA (both of the same size) have one site for a restriction endonuclease. When cut and separated on agarose gel electrophoresis, plasmid shows one DNA band, while the linear DNA shows two fragments. Explain.
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While carrying out a PCR, 'denaturation' step was missed. What will be its effect on the process?
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Why do prokaryotes(bacteria) have restriction enzymes but not eukaryotes?
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(a) A recombinant vector with a gene of interest inserted within the gene of a-galactosidase enzyme, is introduced into a bacterium. Explain the method that would help in selection of recombinant colonies from non-recombinant ones.
(b) Why is this method of selection referred to as "insertional inactivation" ? -
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is called natural genetic engineer. It infects only dicot plants. Unfortunately, many important crop plants, including corn, rice, and wheat, are monocots and thus could not be easily transfected using this bacterium. Scientists discovered that by using certain processes, naked DNA molecules can be introduced into plant cell types that are not susceptible to A. tumefaciens transfection. Explain any two.
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Dicot plants do show tumorous growth (crown gall disease) on the stem.
a. Name the microorganism responsible for this growth?
b. What causes the production of tumors? -
In Gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments are placed in wells on a sheet of gelatin and an electric current is applied to the sheet. Based on DNA biochemistry in which side are the wells located? In which direction and why do the fragments migrate?
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Match the following
A B i) Bacteria Celluase ii) Chitinase Microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA iii) Plant cell Microinjection iv) Recombinant DNA injected to nucleus of an animal cell Lysozyme v) Biolistic /Gene gun Fungus -
i)What dose the fig shows?
ii)What is the matrix used for the above process?
Iii)Name the chemical compound used for staining?
iv)Name the process for the separation of DNA from the agarose gel.
2 Marks
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CBSE 12th Standard Biology Subject Biotechnology: Principles and Processes HOT Questions 2 Marks Questions With Solution 2021 Answer Keys
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On the basis of colour production in the presence of chromogenic substrate, the recombinants and non-recombinants can be differentiated. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within coding sequence of an enzyme \(\beta\)-galactosidase, which results in inactivation of enzyme.
In plate A. the bacterial colonies having inserted plasmid, shows no colouration. While in plate B. insertion of plasmid does not occur, therefore it shows blue colour. -
This is because plasmid is a circular DNA molecule. When cut with enzyme, it becomes linear, but does not get fragmented.
Whereas, a linear DNA molecule gets cut into two fragments. Hence, a single DNA band is observed for plasmid while, two DNA bands are observed for linear DNA in agarose gel. -
1. If denaturation step is missed, the two strands of DNA will not be separated.
2. The primers will not be able to anneal to the template and hence, no extension of the DNA will take place. -
1. The prokaryotes / bacteria have restriction enzyme to restrict the growth of bacteriophage.
2. They do so by cutting the DNA of the phage with restriction enzyme. -
(a) Bacteria are grown in a medium with chromogenic substrate, colonies formed show blue colour-no recombinants, no blue colourpresence of recombinants.
(b) Gene for the enzyme is inactivated by insertion. -
a) Micro-injection where r-DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of the host cell.
b) Cells are bombarded with high velocity micro-particles of gold or tungsten coated with the desired gene with its operating system ( Biolistics /gene gun ). -
a. Agro bacterium termifaciens
b. The transfer of bacterial DNA to the plant which integrates into the plant genome and produces hormones for the over growth -
DNA is loaded on the cathode side of the gel. Since DNA is negatively charged the fragments move towards positive pole (anode) when the electric field is applied.
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A B i) Bacteria Lysozyme ii) Chitinase Fungus iii) Biolistic /Gene gun Microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA iv) Plant cel Celluase v) Recombinant DNA injected to Celluase nucleus of an animal cell Microinjection -
i) Agarose gel electrophoresis
ii) Agarose
iii) Ethidium bromide
iv) Elution
2 Marks
