(i) Humans derive numerous economic benefits directly from diversity of organisms.
(a) Food products (cereals, pulses and fruits).
(b) Firewood.
(c) Fibre (cotton, jute from plants and silk, wool from animals).
(d) Construction material (timber for making furniture, houses and sports goods).
(e) Industrial products (tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins and perfumes).
(f) Products of medicinal importance (about 25,000 plants are used in traditional medicine).
(ii) There are huge indirect benefits that humans derive from the diversity of life.
(a) Pure oxygen.
(b) Natural pollinators.
(c) Flood and soil erosion control.
(d) Nutrient replenishment.
(e) Waste recycling by microbes.
(f) Aesthetic pleasure and mental peace.

(i) Humans derive numerous economic benefits directly from diversity of organisms.
(a) Food products (cereals, pulses and fruits).
(b) Firewood.
(c) Fibre (cotton, jute from plants and silk, wool from animals).
(d) Construction material (timber for making furniture, houses and sports goods).
(e) Industrial products (tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins and perfumes).
(f) Products of medicinal importance (about 25,000 plants are used in traditional medicine).
(ii) There are huge indirect benefits that humans derive from the diversity of life.
(a) Pure oxygen.
(b) Natural pollinators.
(c) Flood and soil erosion control.
(d) Nutrient replenishment.
(e) Waste recycling by microbes.
(f) Aesthetic pleasure and mental peace.

Biodiversity is not only important because we obtain useful things from it but beyond the material need. It also plays a significant role in our cultural life. Biodiversity is a source of inspiration, some people admire its intrinsic beauty, it motivates poets, writers, etc.
It also gives a cultural identity in terms of festivals and rituals, we have. In terms of religion as well, some plants are considered sacred like tulsi and peepal. Similarly, many animals are worshiped and have religious value described in the scriptures, e.g. Kaamdhenu and feeling monkeys are regarded as the representative of Lord Hanuman.

Recently, it has been a trend of removing the tribal people out of the forest in the name of conservation measures. To ensure conservation of habitat and prevention of any sort of danger to biodiversity, government tends to seclude even tribal people from their home.
It is an ethical issue. Tribal people are equally, a part of the forest. They have lived there for years and have evolved along with forest. They share a mutual relationship with the biodiversity present there.
In their unique ways, they also conserve and protect the diversity. Therefore, we must make policies, which include tribals in the conservation measures and utilise their indigenous knowledge as a conservation tool.

(i) Alexander von Humboldt studied the relationship shown in the graph above. He observed that species richness increased within an explored area but only upto a limit.
(ii) (a) Value of Z lies between 0.1-0.2, when area is small to normal.
(b) Value of Z lies between 0.0-1.2, when area is very large. Z  is slope of the line which is regression coefficient.
(iii) Slope of the line 'B' will become steeper when area is very large like continents.

Deliberate attempt to make a species extinct was taken up by WHO in 1967 for the extinction of smallpox virus. For Centuries, smallpox virus was one of the worst disease causing agents to humankind.
World Health Organisation (WHO) campaign against smallpox was highly successful and resulted in the complete eradication of this disease.
Similar attempts are being made to eliminate the HIV and polio viruses.

As a biology student, i would suggest ex situ conservation approach for such animals. It involves placing the threatened animals and plants in special care units for their protection. It includes offsite collections (Botanical Gardens, Zoological Parks, etc) and gene banks (seedbank, tissue culture, etc).
Advantages of ex situ conservation are:
(i) Offsite collection can be used to restock depleted population, reintroduce species in the wild and restore degraded habitats.
(ii) It is useful in maintaining a large number of genotypes in small area, rapid multiplication of even endangered species, through tissue culture, etc.

The humans first evolved around 2.5 million years ago and agriculture began about 11 thousand years ago. It is since then that humans have started to exploit the forest land for agriculture. Development in medical technology has increased the lifespan of humans, decreased the mortality rate of mother and child, further aggrevating the problem of human population.
Along with this, the industrial revolution caused enormous consumption of earth's resources and giving back a lot of air pollution. The enormous amount of waste being generated every day is destroying the natural habitat of other species, be it aquatic or terrestrial, endangering and later causing extinction thereof. This is how human activities have led to the increase in conflict between humans and wildlife.

The humans first evolved around 2.5 million years ago and agriculture began about 11 thousand years ago. It is since then that humans have started to exploit the forest land for agriculture. Development in medical technology has increased the lifespan of humans, decreased the mortality rate of mother and child, further aggrevating the problem of human population.
Along with this, the industrial revolution caused enormous consumption of earth's resources and giving back a lot of air pollution. The enormous amount of waste being generated every day is destroying the natural habitat of other species, be it aquatic or terrestrial, endangering and later causing extinction thereof. This is how human activities have led to the increase in conflict between humans and wildlife.

The humans first evolved around 2.5 million years ago and agriculture began about 11 thousand years ago. It is since then that humans have started to exploit the forest land for agriculture. Development in medical technology has increased the lifespan of humans, decreased the mortality rate of mother and child, further aggrevating the problem of human population.
Along with this, the industrial revolution caused enormous consumption of earth's resources and giving back a lot of air pollution. The enormous amount of waste being generated every day is destroying the natural habitat of other species, be it aquatic or terrestrial, endangering and later causing extinction thereof. This is how human activities have led to the increase in conflict between humans and wildlife.