CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter HOT Questions 3 Mark Questions With Solution 2021
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CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter HOT Questions 3 Mark Questions With Solution 2021
12th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Physics
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Find the de Broglie wavelength associated with an electron moving with velocity 0.6c. Given, rest mass of electron = \(9.1\times { 10 }^{ -31 }kg\) ,\(h=6.63\times { 10 }^{ -34 }Js\)
(a) -
An electron, \(\alpha \) -particle and a proton have the same de-Broglie wavelengths. Which of
theseparticle has
(i) minimum kinetic energy?
(ii) maximum kinetic energy and why?
In what way has the wave nature of electron beam exploited in an electron microscope?(a) -
A student performs an experiment on photoelectric effect, using two materials A and B. A plot of Vstop versus v is given in the figure.
(i) Which material A or B has a higher work function?
(ii) Given the electric charge of an electron =\(1.6\times { 10 }^{ -19 }C\), find the value of h obtained from the experiment for both A and B.
Comment on whether it is consistent with the Einstein's theory.(a) -
Plot a graph showing the variation of stopping potential with the frequency of incident radiation for two different photosensitive materials having work functions W01 and W02 (W01> W02). On what' factors does the
(i) slope and
(ii) intercept of the lines depend ?(a) -
Draw a plot showing the variation of potoelectric current with collector plate potential for two different frequencies, v1 > v2 of incident radiation having the same intensity. In which case will the stopping potential be hgiher ? Justify your answer.
(a)
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CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter HOT Questions 3 Mark Questions With Solution 2021 Answer Keys
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\(Here,{ m }_{ 0 }=9.1\times { 10 }^{ -31 }kg;h=6.63\times { 10 }^{ -34 }Js;v=0.6c \ or \ v/c=0.6\)
Since electron is moving with a speed comparable to the velocity of light, so
\(\lambda =\frac { h }{ mv } =\frac { h\sqrt { 1-{ v }^{ 2 }/{ c }^{ 2 } } }{ { m }_{ 0 }v } =\frac { 6.63\times { 10 }^{ -34 }\sqrt { 1-{ \left( 0.6 \right) }^{ 2 } } }{ 9.1\times { 10 }^{ -31 }\times \left( 0.6\times 3\times { 10 }^{ 8 } \right) } =3.24\times { 10 }^{ -12 }m\) -
de-Broglie matter wave equation,
\(\lambda =\frac { h }{ p } =\frac { h }{ \sqrt { 2mK } } \ \left[ \because K=\frac { { P }^{ 2 } }{ 2m } \right] \)
where K is kinetic energy and m is a mass of the particle.
\(K=\frac { { h }^{ 2 } }{ 2m{ \lambda }^{ 2 } } \) [ for same wavelength \( \lambda] \)
\(K\propto \frac { 1 }{ m }\)
\(\Rightarrow \ { K }_{ e }:{ K }_{ \alpha }:{ K }_{ p }=\frac { 1 }{ { m }_{ e } } :\frac { 1 }{ { m }_{ \alpha } } :\frac { 1 }{ { m }_{ p } } \)
where \({ m }_{ e },{ m }_{ p } \ and \ { m }_{ \alpha }\) are masses of electron, proton and \(\alpha \) -particle, respectively.
Also, \({ K }_{ e },k_{ p } \ and \ K_{ \alpha }\) are their respective kinetic energies.
\(\because \ m_{ \alpha }>m_{ p }>m_{ e }\)
\(\\ \Rightarrow m_{ \alpha }m_{ p }>m_{ e }m_{ \alpha }>m_{ e }m_{ p }\)
\(\\ { K }_{ e }>k_{ p }>K_{ \alpha }\)
(i) \(\alpha \) particle possess minimum kinetic energy
(ii) The electron has maximum kinetic energy. The magnifying power of an electron microscope is inversely related to the wavelength of radiation used. The Smaller wavelength of the electron beam in comparison to visible light increases the magnifying power of the microscope. -
Given, thershold frequency of A is
\({ v }_{ OA }=5\times { 1 }0^{ 14 }\quad Hz\)
and thershold frequency of B is \({ v }_{ OB }=10\times { 1 }0^{ 14 }\quad Hz\)
We know that work function,
\({ \phi }_{ 0 }=h{ v }_{ 0 } \ or \ { \phi }_{ 0 }\propto { v }_{ 0 }\)
\(So,\ \frac { { \phi }_{ OA } }{ { \phi }_{ OB } } =\frac { 5\times { 10 }^{ 14 } }{ 10\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } <1 \ \Rightarrow { \phi }_{ OA }<{ \phi }_{ OB }\)
Thus, work function of B is higher than A.
(ii) For metal A, slope
\(=\frac { h }{ e } =\frac { 2 }{ (10-5)\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } \)
\(or \ h=\ \frac { 2\times e }{ 5\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } =\frac { 2\times 1.6\times { 10 }^{ -19 } }{ 5\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } \)
\(=6.4\times { 10 }^{ -34 }\ J-s\)
For metal B, slope \(=\frac { h }{ e } =\frac { 2.5 }{ (15-10)\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } \)
\(\\ or\quad h=\frac { 2.5\times e }{ 5\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } =\frac { 2.5\times 1.6\times { 10 }^{ -19 } }{ 5\times { 10 }^{ 14 } } =8\times { 10 }^{ -34 }J-s\)
Since, the value of b from experiment for metals A and B is different. Hence, experiment is not consistent with theory. -
(i) Slope is determined by h and e. (or slop is independent of the metal used)
(ii) Work function of the metal.
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Stopping potential is more for the curve corresponding to frequency V1
Stopping po ential is directly proportional to the frequency of incident radiation.