CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Nuclei Value Based Questions 5 Mark Questions With Solution 2021
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CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Nuclei Value Based Questions 5 Mark Questions With Solution 2021
12th Standard CBSE
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Reg.No. :
Physics
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A nuclear reactor is a powerful device, wherein nuclear energy is utilised for peaceful purposes. It is based upon controlled nuclear chain reaction. The nuclear chain reaction is controlled by the use of control rods (of boron or cadmium) and moderators like heavy water, graphite, etc. The whole reactor is protected with concrete walls 2 to 2.5 metre thick, so that radiations emitted during nuclear reactions may not produce harmful effects.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) Give any two merits of nuclear reactors.
(ii) What is radiactive waste?
(iii) Why do people often oppose the location site of a nuclear reactor? What do you suggest?(a) -
Einstein was the first to establish the equivalence between mass energy. According to him, whenever a certain mass \(\left( \Delta m \right) \) disappears in some process, the amount of energy released is \(E=\left( \Delta m \right) { c }^{ 2 },\) where c is velocity of light vacuum \(\left( =3\times { 10 }^{ 8 }m/s \right) .\) The reverse is also true, i.e., whenever energy E disappears, an equivalent mass \(\left( \Delta m \right) ={ E/c }^{ 2 }\) appears.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions :
(i) What is the energy released when 1 a.m.u. of mass disappears in a nuclear reaction?
(ii) Do you know any phenomenon in which energy materialises?
(iii) What values of life do you learn from this famous relation?(a) -
Poonam's mother is diagnosed cancer. The attending physician told her that she has to undergo radiotherapy. While telling her the side effects of the treatment, the doctor told that her beautiful hair may fall and she may become bald. Poonam's mother refuses to get the treatment.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What would you do if you were in Poonam's place?
(ii) What values are associated with your attitude?(a) -
Marie Curie and her teacher turned husband Pierre Curie worked hard to extract radium chloride (RaCl2) from uranium ore. They succeeded in 192 after a long struggle. About 0.19 g of RaCl2 was extracted and its radioactivity was studied. They were awarded by the noble prize, which they shared it which they shared it which they shared it with Henri Becquerel.
Read the above passage and answer following questions:
(i) What are the values shown by Marie Curie and her husband?
(ii) What do you understand by radioactivity? How the half-life period is related to the disintegration constant?
(iii) How is average-life of radioactive element related to half-life?(a) -
Shyamsaw his younger brother wondering with a question which deals with emission of light from a vapour lamp. He was anxious to know how different colours wre being emitted by different lights. He also saw mercury and sodium vapour lamps in the Physics lab and was curious to know what is inside the lamps. On seeing his anxiety to know more about it, Shyam explained about absorption of energy and re-emission of photons in the visible region. He also advised him not to touch or break any items in the lab for the knowledge.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is the moral you derive from Shyam's behaviour?
(ii) Which series in the hydrogen spectrum is in the visible region?
(iii) Write the quality displayed by Shyam's brother.(a)
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CBSE 12th Standard Physics Subject Nuclei Value Based Questions 5 Mark Questions With Solution 2021 Answer Keys
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(i) Nuclear reactors are used in electric power generation. They are also used to produce radioactive isotopes which have applications in medicine, industry and agriculture.
(ii) Radioactive waste consists of fission products and transuranic elements such as plutonium and americium. This waste is extremely hazardous to all forms of life on earth.
(iii) People often oppose the location site of a nuclear reactor because any leakage of nuclear radiations can affect adversely miles of area surrounding it. Elaborate safety measures are needed not only for reactor operations, but also for handling and disposal of radioactive waste.
I would suggest that Government must take stringent safety measures and assure people of safeguards in the event of nuclear accidents. At the same time, people must also be educated accordingly. -
(i) Here, \(\Delta m=1\quad a.m.u.=1.66\times { 10 }^{ -27 }kg\)
\(E=\left( \Delta m \right) { c }^{ 2 }=1.66\times { 10 }^{ -27 }{ \left( 3\times { 10 }^{ 8 } \right) }^{ 2 }=1.49\times { 10 }^{ -10 }J\)
(ii) Yes, in the phenomenon of pair production. Under suitable conditions, a photon materialises into an electron and a position : \(\gamma ={ e }^{ -1 }+{ e }^{ +1 }\)
(iii) Einstein's relation, \(E=\left( \Delta m \right) { c }^{ 2 }\) emphasis that when certain mass disappears, an equivalent amount of energy appears. The reverse is also true. It Implies that to gain something, you have to lose another in equivalent amount. No one can have all gains together or all losses together. It also implies that nothing come for free. You have to pay the price in one form and acquire something in the desired form. -
(i) If I were in Poonam's place, I would tell my mother that treatment of cancer is a must. Hair fall is a temporary effect and the hair would grow slowly after the therapy. Convincing my mother to get the treatment, using all sorts of reasoning will be my top priority.
(ii) Concern for my mother's health is of utmost importance. I will not mind taking help from specialists to convince my mother for getting the treatment. -
(i) Values shown here are dedication, hard working nature, brilliance, true justification of the help when helped by another, honesty and gratitude.
(ii) The phenomenon of spontaneous emission of \(\alpha \) , \(\beta \) and \(\gamma \)-particles by the nuclide is known as radioactivity. Half-life period is related with the disintegration constant as,
\({ T }_{ 1/2 }=\frac { 0.693 }{ \lambda } \)
(iii) Average life of radioactive element,
\(\tau ={ 1.44T }_{ 1/2 }\) -
(i) Concern for his brother, care about the school thorough subject knowledge.
(ii) Balmer series.
(iii) His brother has zeal to learn.
