QB365 covers complete information about 12th Standard CBSE Biology Subject for 2024-2025 Exam. Question Bank includes 12th Standard CBSE Biology Subjects Book back, exercise, Updated Question types MCQ, Case Study , Assertion and reason with solution, Previous year asked questions, all possible questions and other key points also. All question with detailed answers are readily available for preparting Maths question papers.
Reproduction in Organisms
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Human Reproduction
Reproductive Health
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evolution
Human Health and Disease
Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Microbes in Human Welfare
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Biotechnology and its Applications
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystem
Biodiversity and Conservation
Environmental Issues
Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linkedinheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Chapter-8: Human Health and Disease
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry
Chapter-10: Microbes in Human Welfare
In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
Chapter-12: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents.
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
Chapter-16: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).
Ecosystem–Structure and Function-Productivity-Decomposition-Energy Flow-Ecological Pyramids-Ecological Succession-Nutrient Cycling-Ecosystem Services
Biodiversity-Biodiversity Conservation
Air Pollution and Its Control-Water Pollution and Its Control-Solid Wastes-Agro-chemicals and their Effects-Radioactive Wastes-Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming-Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere-Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance-Deforestation
Common Diseases in Humans-Immunity-AIDS-Cancer-Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
Animal Husbandry-Plant Breeding-Single Cell Proteins-Tissue Culture
Microbes in Household Products-Microbes in Industrial Products-Microbes in Sewage Treatment-Microbes in Production of Biogas-Microbes as Biocontrol Agents-Microbes as Biofertilisers
Principles of Biotechnology-Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology-Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture-Biotechnological Applications in Medicine-Transgenic Animals-Ethical Issues
Organism and its Environment-Populations
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance-Inheritance of One Gene-Inheritance of Two Genes-Sex Determination-Mutation-Genetic Disorders
The DNA-The Search for Genetic Material-RNA World-Replication-Transcription-Genetic Code-Translation-Regulation of Gene Expression-Human Genome Project DNA Fingerprinting
Origin of Life-Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory-What are the Evidence for Evolution?-What is Adaptive Radiation?-Biological Evolution-Mechanism of Evolution-Hardy – Weinberg Principle-A Brief Account of Evolution-Origin and Evolution of Man
Reproductive Health-Problems and Strategies-Population Explosion and Birth Control-Medical Termination of Pregnancy-Sexually Transmitted Diseases-Infertility
The Male Reproductive System-The Female Reproductive System-Gametogenesis-Menstrual Cycle-Fertilisation and Implantation-Pregnancy and Embryonic Development-Parturition and Lactation
Asexual Reproduction-Sexual Reproduction
Flower – A Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms-Pre-fertilisation : Structures and Events-Double Fertilisation-Post-fertilisation: Structures and Events-Apomixis and Polyembryony
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