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Tamilnadu 10th Standard Science Breeding and Biotechnology Important Questions Study Material - QB365

Published on: 19/10/2025

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Std: 10th Standard - Science

chapter: Breeding and Biotechnology - Important Questions And Answers

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Questions:

Multiple Choice Question

Which method of crop improvement can be practiced by a farmer if he is inexperienced?

(a)

clonal selection

(b)

mass selection

(c)

pureline selection

(d)

hybridisation

Pusa Komal is a disease resistant variety of _________.

(a)

sugarcane

(b)

rice

(c)

cow pea

(d)

maize

Himgiri developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of _______.

(a)

chilli

(b)

maize

(c)

sugarcane

(d)

wheat

The miracle rice which saved millions of lives and celebrated its 50th birthday is _______.

(a)

IR 8

(b)

IR 24

(c)

Atomita 2

(d)

Ponni

Which of the following is used to produce products useful to humans by biotechnology techniques?

(a)

enzyme from organism

(b)

live organism

(c)

vitamins

(d)

both (a) and (b)

2 Marks

Give the name of wheat variety having higher dietary fibre and protein.

Semi-dwarf varieties were introduced in rice. This was made possible by the presence of dwarfing gene in rice. Name this dwarfing gene.

Define genetic engineering.

Name the types of stem cells.

4 Marks

10.

Discuss the method of breeding for disease resistance.

11.

Name three improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve high productivity.

12.

Name two maize hybrids rich in amino acid lysine.

13.

Distinguish between
a. somatic gene therapy and germ line gene therapy
b. undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells.

7 Marks

14.

What are the effects of hybrid vigour in animals?

15.

Describe mutation breeding with an example.

16.

Biofortification may help in removing hidden hunger. How?

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Answers Key:

Multiple Choice Question

(b)
mass selection

(d)
wheat

(a)
IR 8

(d)
both (a) and (b)

2 Marks

Atlas 66 is a protein rich wheat variety having higher dietary fibre and protein.

Dee-geo-woo-gen (DGWG).

Genetic engineering is the manipulation and transfer of genes from one organism to another organism to create a new DNA called as recombinant DNA (rDNA)

Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cell or somatic stem cell.

4 Marks

10.

Crop	Variety	Resistance to diseases
Wheat	Himgiri	Leaf and stipe rust, hill bunt
Cauliflower	Pusa Shubhra, Pusa Snowball K-1	Black rot
Cowpea	Pusa Komal	Bacterial blight

11.

Semi dwarf nature high yield, disease resistance, early maturity.

12.

Protina, shakti and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids.

13.

a. Somatic gene therapy and germ line gene therapy

S.No.	Somatic gene therapy	Germline gene therapy
(i)	Somatic gene therapy is the replacement of defective gene in somatic cells.	Germ line gene therapy is replacement of defective gene in germ cell.

b. Undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells:

S.No.	Undifferentiated Cells	Differentiated cells
(i)	Undifferentiated cells continuously proliferate throughout the life time of the organism. E.g: Umbilical cord	Differentiated cells some are unable to proliferate. E.g: Pancreatic cells to secrete insulin.

7 Marks

14.

(i) Increased production of milk by cattle.
(ii) Increased production of egg by poultry.
(iii) High quality of meat is produced.
(iv) Increased growth rate in domesticated animals.

15.

Mutation:
(i) Mutation is defined as the sudden heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA in an organism.
(ii) It is a Process by which genetic variations are created which in turn brings about changes in the organism.
(iii) The organism which undergoes mutation is called a mutant.
(iv) The factors which induce mutations are known as mutagens or mutagenic agents.
(v) Mutagens are two types namely physical mutagens and chemical mutagens.
(i) Physical mutagens:
Radiations like X-rays, α, β and γ-rays, UV rays, temperature, etc. which induce mutations are called physical mutagens.
(ii) Chemical mutagens:
(i) Chemical substances that induce mutations are called chemical mutagens.
(ii) Eg: Mustard gas and nitrous acid. The utilization of induced mutation in crop improvement is called mutation breeding. Achievements of mutation breeding:
Achievements of mutation breeding:
(i) Sharbati Sonora wheat produced from Sonora-64 by using gamma rays.
(ii) Atomica 2 rice with saline tolerance and pest resistance.
(iii) Groundnuts with thick shells.

16.

(i) Biofortification is the scientific process of developing crop plants enriched with high levels of desirable nutrients like vitamins, proteins and minerals.
(ii) Production of Bio fortification crops help in removing hidden hunger.
Examples:
(i) Protina, Shakti and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids (developed in India).
(ii) Atlas 66, a protein rich wheat variety.
(iii) Iron rich fortified rice variety.
(iv) Vitamin A enriched carrots, pumpkin and spinach.
(v) So in this way, Biofortification may help in removing hidden hunger.