Embryonic stem cells, Adult stem cell or somatic stem cell.

Genetic engineering is the manipulation and transfer of genes from one organism to another organism to create a new DNA called as recombinant DNA (rDNA)

Atlas 66 is a protein rich wheat variety having higher dietary fibre and protein.

(i) The cancerous cells migrate to distant parts of the body and affect new tissues.
(ii) This process is called metastasis.

Psychotropic drugs acts on the brain and alters the behaviour, consciousness, power of thinking and perception.

(i) DNA fingerprinting technique is widely used in forensic applications like crime investigation such as identifying the culprit.
(ii) It is also used for paternity testing in case of disputes.
(iii) It also helps in the study of genetic diversity of population, evolution and speciation.

a. Somatic gene therapy and germ line gene therapy

b. Undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells:

Protina, shakti and Rathna are lysine rich maize hybrids.

(i) Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of the local culture of people.
Importance of Ethnobotany :
(i) It provides traditional uses of plant.
(ii) It gives information about certain unknown and known useful plants.
(iii) The ethnomedicinal data will serve as a useful source of information for the chemists, pharmacologists and practitioners of herbal medicine.
(iv) Tribal communities utilize ethnomedicinal plant and prepare medicine to cure many  diseases.

(i) Archaeopteryx is considered to be a connecting link between reptiles and birds.
(ii) It had wings with feathers like a bird. It has long tail, clawed digits and conical teeth like a reptile.

(i) Kiwi is a flightless bird. The degenerated wing in Kiwi is an example for organ of disuse.
(ii) When there is a change in the environment, the animals respond to the change.
(iii) They develop adaptive structures (acquired characters).

(i) Diet Management: 
a) Reduction in the intake of calories, low saturated fat, and cholesterol rich food, low carbohydrates, and common salt are some of the dietary modifications.
b) Diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is essential.
c) Increase in the intake of fiber diet, fruits, and vegetables, protein, minerals, and vitamins are required.
(ii) Physical activity:
Regular exercise, walking, and yoga are essential for body weight maintenance.
(iii) Addictive substance avoidance:
Alcohol consumption and smoking are to be avoided.

(i) Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells that invade and destroy surrounding tissues forming a tumor neoplasm (new growth).
(ii) It is a heterogenous group of cells that do not respond to the normal cell division.
(iii) The cancerous cells migrate to distant parts of the body and affect new tissues.

HIV is transmitted generally by
(i) Sexual contact with infected person.
(ii) Use of contaminated needles or syringes especially in case of intravenous drug abusers.
(iii) By transfusion of contaminated/infected blood or blood products.
(iv) From infected mother to her child through the placenta.

(i) Insulin used in the treatment of diabetes.
(ii) Human growth hormone used for treating children with growth deficiencies.
(iii) Blood clotting factors are developed to treat haemophilia.
(iv) Tissue plasminogen activator is used to dissolve blood clots and prevent heart attack.
(v) Development of vaccines against various diseases like Hepatitis B and rabies.

(i) Increased production of milk by cattle.
(ii) Increased production of egg by poultry.
(iii) High quality of meat is produced.
(iv) Increased growth rate in domesticated animals.

(i) 2 million years ago tree trunks that got buried along the river, incourse of time the organic matter was replaced by silica and was fossilized.
(ii) They retained their colour, shape and texture and was converted into solid rocks.
(iii) The annular rings, the texture, colours of the layers, nodes and every properties of plants are still visible.

Yes. Lifestyle can be modified so as the risk factors of cardio vascular diseases can be avoided. Thereby we can avoid heart diseases.
The following measures can be advocated to change life style:
Diet management:
(i) Reduction in the intake of calories, low saturated fat and cholesterol rich food, low carbohydrates and common salt are some of the dietary modifications.
(ii) Diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is essential.
(iii) Increase in the intake of fiber diet, fruits and vegetables, protein, minerals and vitamin are required.
Physical activity:
(i) Regular exercise, walking and yoga are essential for body weight maintenance.
(ii) There should be some physical activity in between long sitting hours.
Addictive substance avoidance:
Alcohol consumption and smoking are to be avoided.

(i) Education and counselling:
Education and proper counselling will help the alcoholics to overcome their problems and stress, to accept failures in their life.
(ii) Physical activity:
Individuals undergoing rehabilitation should be channelized into healthy activities like reading, music, sports, yoga and meditation.
(iii) Seeking help from parents and peer groups: 
a. When a problematic situation occurs, the affected individuals should seek help and guidance from parents and peers.
b. This would help them to share their feeling of anxiety, wrong doing and get rid of the habit.
(iv) Medical assistance:
a. Individuals should seek help from psychologists and psychiatrists to get relieved from this condition and to lead a relaxed and peaceful life.
b. Alcohol de-addiction and rehabilitation programmes are helpful to the individual so that they could get rid of the problem completely and can lead a normal and healthy life.