On a visit to a library nearby I found that it had primary and secondary sources. I found historical documents, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, speeches and art objects. Interviews, surveys, field work also are available here. I also could see and sources like articles in news papers, popular magazines, book a movie views and articles in journals.

(i) Identifying profitable investible opportunities
(ii) Deciding the location of the production unit
(iii) Making innovations

(i) Physical Capital or Material Resources, Ex. Machinery, tools, buildings, etc.
(ii) Money capital or Monetary Resources, Ex. Bank deposits, shares and securities, etc.
(iii) Human capital or Human Resources Ex. Investments in education, training and health.

Division of labour means dividing the process of production into distinct and several component processes and assigning each component in the hands of a labour or a set of labourers, who are specialists in that particular process.

Alfred Marshall defines labour as; 'the use of body or mind, partly or wholly, with a view to secure an income apart from the pleasure derived from the work'.

The factors of production
(i) Land
(ii) Labour
(iii) Capital
(iv) Organization

(i) Form utility,
(ii) Time utility and
(iii) Place utility

Utility means want satisfying power of a product.

Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption (the output).

(i) Firoz rewarded Sufis and other religious leaders generously and listened to their advice.
(ii) He also created charities to aid poor Muslims
(iii) He built colleges, mosques, and hospitals.
(iv) He banned inhuman punishments and abolished taxes not recognised by Muslim law.
(v) He promoted agriculture by waiving off the debts of the agriculturalists and constructing many canals for irrigation.
(vi) He built new towns such as Firozabad, Jaunpur, Hissar and Firozpur.

(i) The range of Khalji conquests is impressive in the Punjab (against the Mongols), in Rajasthan and in Gujarat. With his northern frontiers secure, he sent his chief lieutenant Malik Kafur into the southern parts who took even the distant Madurai.
(ii) Thus Ala-ud-din Khalji consolidated the Delhi Sultanate.

In order to counter the possible attack of the Mongols, Iltutmish organised Turkish nobility into a select group of 40 nobles known as chaha/gani or The Forty.

Muslim rule in India was established by Muhammad Ghori in 12^thcentury A.D. (CE).

Sikandar Lodi founded the city of Agra.

Iqta is the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage.

The revenue of the Chola state came mainly from the land. The land tax was known as Kanikadan. The Chola rulers carried out an elaborate survey of land in order to fix the government's share of the land revenue. One-third of produce was collected as land tax. It was collected mostly in kind.

Kings Pandya and local chiefs created Brahmin settlements called Mangalam or Chatur-vedi-mangalam with irrigation facilities.

During the later Cholah period, the items exported were sandalwood, ebony, condiments, precious gems, pepper, oil, paddy, grains and salt.

Qasim defeated Dahir, the ruler of sind and killed him in the battle.

Two early Caliphates were 'Umayyads' and the 'Abbasids'

Gopala was the founder of Pala dynasty.

The Pratiharas, the Chauhans, the Chalukyas (different from the Deccan Chalukyas), known as Solankis, and the Paramaras of Pawars.

There was a prolonged tripartite struggle between the Gurjara Pratiharas of Malwa, the Rashtrakutas of Deccan and the Palas of Bengal, as each one of them wanted to establish their supremacy over the fertile region of Kanauj. In the process, all the three powers were weakened.

Marco Polo, a Venetian traveller, Al-Beruni, Ibn Battuta Nicolo Conti, Abdur-Razzaq, Domingo Paes.

(i) Quwwat-ul Islam Masjid, Moth-ki- Masjid, lama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri Dargah (all in and around Delhi) and Charminar (Hyderabad) are the important mosques belonging to the medieval times.
(ii) The forts of historical importance are Agra Fort, Chittor Fort, Gwalior Fort and Delhi Red Fort and as well as the forts of Daulatabad (Aurangabad) and Firoz Shah Kotla (Delhi).

Primary sources and Secondary sources are the two different types of sources for the study of history.

Tuzk-i-Jahangiri

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