1. Meaning : Pricing refers to the process of fixing the price of a product or service.
The term ‘Price’. refers to the exchange value of a product expressed in money. factors considered before fixing price are.
I Pricing objectives.
If a firm is operating in the competitive market and wants to introduce a more efficient substitute by a competitor, it may charge lower price for it.
To attain product quality leadership, a firm normally charges higher prices to cover high quality and high cost of Research and Development (R & D).
Thus, the price of a firm’s products and services is affected by the pricing objective of the firm.
2. Product cost : The second important factor to take care of while fixing the price is the product cost. Costs set the lower limits of the price. It is important that the price should recover total costs in the long run including a fair return for undertaking the marketing efforts and risk.
Two important types of costs need to be differentiated : fixed costs (e.g., rent of the premises, salaries of the permanent staff) and variable costs (e.g., cost of raw materials, direct labour costs, etc.)
The price must be able to recover the total cost in the long run. But sometimes in the short run, a product may be priced below the cost level in order to meet competitive challenges like making the entry of the rival difficult or out cutting the competitor.
3. Extent of competition in the market : Competition is another important consideration while pricing a product. When a firm does not face any competition, it can enjoy complete freedom in fixing its price.
But when there are competitors selling the same or similar products, the pricing freedom of the firm is considerably reduced. It price must fall in line with the competitors.
For example, Maruti’s Zen now faces a lot of competition from brands like Santro, Indica and Palio. Therefore, its pricing cannot be approached in isolation without considering the prices of other cars.
4. The utility and demand : The utility provided by the product an consumer’s demand set the upper limit of price, which he is willing to pa.
According to the law of demand, consumers buy more units of product at a lower price that at a higher price.

I would recommed T.V. advertising because of reasons.
1. Like by children : Children like to watch their programmes like cartoon, Phulwari Bachhon ki etc.
2. Catch quick attention : T.V. advertising will catch quick attention of the viewing children and leave a lasting impact on them
3. It combing right, sound and motion effects.
4. Its cover the wide range.

The following tools for sales promotion
1. Free samples : Free samples of the small size of the cosmetics products can be distributed.
2. Discount Compons : Discount compons can be issued to the prospective buyers.
3. Special Display : Special display allowances can be provided to the retailers for making an display counter.
4. Packaged Premium : Packaging premium can be allowed for example 100 g. tube extra 20%.

Meaning : It is a set of task or activities, which is concerns with the design and production of an appropriate container for the product. Followings are the function of packaging
1. Protection : It protects the product from damage which it may suffer on the way to the market. Appropriate packaging save the product from sun, moisture, breakage etc.
2. Identification : With the help of packaging, product can be easily identified. from the unique battle or coke one can easily identify it from other.
3. Convenience : Packaging the convenience both for middleman and consumer.
4. Promotion : Packaging play an important role of silent salesman. Throng packaging good should be attractive and it induce consumers to make a purchase.
5. Innovation : BY developing innovative package the marketer can capture new customer segment.

Meaning : Physical distribution involves physical handling and movement of goods from place of production to the place of consumption.
1. Transportation : It is concerned with the physical handling and movement of goods from place of production to the place of consumption.
2. Inventory : Inventories need to be main tained because they ensure product availability as and when customers demand arise.
3. Warehousing : Production of goods continue through off the year but goods are not consumed immediately. therefore every company needs to store finished goods until they are sold in the market.
4. Order Processing : The order cycle involves steps like order placement to the salesperson, order entry in the company system, customer credit check, inventory and production scheduling. There is a direct connection between the processed and the customer satisfaction level.

Marketing refers to the tools or the variables which the marketer mixes in order to interact with a particular market.
“Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objective is the target market”. Kotfer
Product Mix : When a firm becomes amulti-product company, the total number of products and items it offers to the market is called product mix or product assortment. Product mix of ITC consists of product lines like hotels (Welcome group), cigarettes (Wills, India Kings), readymade garments (Will Sport) and grocery line (Aashirvaad).
Components of Product Mix are :
Branding
Packaging
Labelling
Price mix : Price is the value which a buyer passes on to the seller in lieu of the product or service provided. The marketing manager should determine the price in such a way that the firm is able to sell its products successfully.
Main factors that must be taken into consideration while fixing theprice are :
Company objectives
Costs
Competition
Customer demand
Promotion mix : It deals with informing the customers about the firm’s product and persuading them to purchase the same.
Elements or components of promotion mix are :
Personal selling
Advertising
Publicity
Sales promotion.
Place mix/Physical distribution mix : The two major decision areas under this function include
(i) decision regarding channels of distribution or the marketing intermediaries (like wholesalers, retailers) to be used and
(ii) Physical movement of the product from the producer to consumers. It also involves decisions regarding storage and transportation, managing inventory (levels of stock of goods), etc.

Yes I agree with this statement
1. Its encourage to customers to buy the product when they do not really need.
2. It destroys old models of goods.
3. Increase the cost of product
4. It confuse the customers.
5. Some advertisement is not suitable for children and women.

I market related factors
(i) Size of Market : If the buyers are in small number short channels are used. But if the number of buyers of large, as in the case of most convenient products like soft drink, toothpaste, etc. longer channels involving large number of intermediaries are used.
(ii) Geographical concentration of potential buyers : When buyers are concentrated in a limited geographic area like industrial customers, direct selling could be used. Serving geographically spread customers requires use of more middlemen.
(iii) Size of order, i.e., quantity purchased : if the size of the order is small, as in the case of most consumer products, large number of intermediaries may be used. But if the size of order is large, direct channels may be used.
Product Related Factors
(i) The unit value of the product : When the goods to be distributed are costly (like gold jewellery, industrial machine, etc.), shorter channels are recommended, whereas for less costly, inexpensive products, longer channel could be used.
(ii) Product complexity : Technically, complex products require expert advice and counseling at the point of sale. Therefore, direct or short channels are more appropriate.
(iii) Nature of product : Industrial products are usually technical, made to order and expensive products purchased by few customers. These products require short channels, i.e., direct channel or involving few middlemen.
One the other hand, consumer products are usually standardized, less expensive, less bulky, not technical and frequently bought products. These can be better distributed by long network of channels, involving many middlemen.
(iv) Perishable vs non-perishable products : Perishable products like fruits, vegetables and dairy products are best sold through short channels. While non-perishable products like toiletry products (e.g., soap, toothpaste, hair oil, etc.), groceries (vegetable oil, tea, leaf, etc.), fabrics require longer channels to reach wide spread consumers.
Company Related Factors
(i) Financial strength of the company : A firm which has deep pockets and enjoys considerable financial strength can evolve its own channels. But the financially weak firms would have to bank upon existing middlemen for their services.
(ii) Degree of control : If the management wants to have greater control on the channel members, short channels are used.
But if the management does not want more control over the middlemen it can go in for longer channel or large number of intermediaries.
(iii) Management : If the management of a firm has sufficient knowledge and experience of distribution, it may prefer direct selling.
(iv) Competitive factory : Before taking decision regarding choice or channels a company should observe the channel selected by competitors in the same industry. A company many decide to choose the same or not.
(v) Environmental factors : Economic condition and legal factors also affect the choice of channels. Shorter channels with be used in case of depressed economy.

Product mixed deals with decision concerning veracity quality features, packaging, size, brand, guarant racing services to be offered in respect or the first product. comments of product mix
1. Branding : “Branding” can be defined as the process of using a name, sign, symbol or design to a product. Branding isnot only done to identify the seller or the maker, but also to create a distinct identity of the product from that of competitors.
Examples :
1. Some of the common brands are Bata, Lifebouy and Parker..
2. Asian paints, Safola and Uncle Chips are the brand names.
3. Gattu of Asian paints, Devil of Onida, etc., are some examples of brand marks.
2. Packaging : Packaging refers to the act of designing and producing the container or wrapper of a product.
The physical product that we usually buy comes in packaged form.
1 Soaps comes in paper boxes or plastic wrappers.
2 Biscuits come carton, papers or plain paper packaging.
3 Refrigerators or televisions come in hard wood and board cartons.
4 Expensive perfumes and liquor come in boxes and designer bottles.
Packaging plays an important role in determining customer attitude towards the product. Sometimes by looking at the packaging the customeries to assess the product quality. Good packaging often help in selling the product. Packing is, therefore, sometimes called a silent salesman
3. Labelling : A label is carrier of information which is to be provided to the customers, which describes the product, its contents, the manufacturer, date and time of manufacture, etc.
The label is to put on the package.

Meaning : Sales promotion refers to short term inventions which are designed to encourage the buyers to make immediate purchase of a product or service tools.
(i) Rebates : Offering products at special prices to clear off excess inventory.
(ii) Dis Counts : Certain percentage of price is rented as discount from the 1st price.
(iii) Refunds : Refunding a part of prize pend by customer on producing some proof of purchase.
Example : A toothpaste manufacturer may offer to refund Rs 5 on sending the empty cover of the pack.
(iv) Product combinations : Offering another product as gift along with the purchase of a product. as gift along with the purchase of a product.
Example :
1.Shakti Bhog Atta’s offer of a pack of rice with a bag of atta.
2.Get 64 MB memory card free with a Nokia cell phone.
3. 100 gm bottle of sauce free with 1 Kg detergent.
(v) Quantity gift : Offering extra quantity of the product.
Example :
1. ‘Buy three get one free’ offer currently available for soaps like Nirma and Lux No. 1.
2. ’50 grams extra’ free offe rof Fena or 555 detergent bar.
3. Dettol shaving cream’s offe rof ‘40% Extra’.
4. ‘Buy 2 get 1 free offer of Peter England on shirts.
(vi) Sampling : It means giving free sample of product to the customer. These are done to make customers try the product and learn about it. Example : HLL did extensive sampling of their Surf Excel when the brand was initially launched.
(vii) Contests : Consumers are required to participate in some competitive events involving application of skills or luck and winners are given some reward. Example : Harvest Gold, maker of ‘premium Bread’ usually have children drawing competitions.
(viii) Lucky draw : For example, lucky draw coupon on puchase of easy undergarment and win a car offer.
(ix) Packed premium :In this type of sales promotion, marketers pack some gifts inside the product package. The gifts create a lure to buy the product.
(x) Usable benefit : For example, ‘Purchase goods worth Rs 3,000 and get a holiday package worth Rs. 1,000 free’.
(xi) Container premium : This category of sales promotions is also very popular with the marketers of products like milk additives, jams, now even detergents and soaps. In these schemes, the marketer devises special containers for packaging the product which could be used by the customer for some use.