\( \mathrm{n}=4, \mathrm{p} =\frac{1}{2}, q=\frac{1}{2} \)
\(\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{x}) ={ }^{n} C_{x} p^{x} q^{n-x}, \mathrm{x}=0,1,2, \ldots, n \)
\( ={ }^{4} C_{x}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{x}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{4-x} \)
\(x =0,1,2,3,4 \)
\((a) \ P(X=2)={ }^{4} C_{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2} \)
\(=6 \times\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{4}=\frac{3}{8}\)
(b) atleast two heads
\( P(X \geq 2)= 1-P(X<2) \)
\(= 1-[P(X=0)+P(X=1)] \)
\(\begin{gathered} =1-\left[{ }^{4} \mathrm{C}_{0}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{0}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{4}\right. \left.+{ }^{4} \mathrm{C}_{1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{1}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}\right] \end{gathered}\)
\( = 1-\left[\frac{1}{16}+4 \times \frac{1}{16}\right] \)
\(= 1-\frac{5}{16}=\frac{11}{16} \)
(c) Atmost two heads
\( P(X \leq 2) =1-P(X>2) \)
\( =1-[P(X=3)+P(X=4)] \)
\(=1-\left[C_{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{1}\right. \)\( \left.+{ }^{4} C_{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{0}\right] \)
\(=1-\frac{5}{16}=\frac{11}{16}\)

(i) Since f (x) is a probability density function, f (x) ≥ 0 and \(\int _{ - }^{ \infty }{ f(x) } dx=1\) 
That is \(\int _{ -\infty }^{ 0 }{ 0dx } +\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ k{ e }^{ -2x }dx } =1\) 
\(0+k\left( \frac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ -2 } \right) =1\Rightarrow k\left( \frac { { e }^{ -\infty }-{ e }^{ 0 } }{ -2 } \right) =1\Rightarrow k=2\) 
Therefore the probability density function is
\(f\left( x \right) =\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 2{ e }^{ -2x } & forx>0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & forx \end{matrix}\le 0 \end{cases}\)
 (ii) Distribution function
By definition the distribution function \(F(x)=P\left( x\le x \right) =\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u) } du\) 
When x≤0 \(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ F(u) } du=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ odu=0 } \) 
When x > 0 \(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u) } du\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ 0du } +\int _{ 0 }^{ x }{ { 2e }^{ -2x }du\left( \frac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ -2 } \right) } =1-{ e }^{ 2x }\) 
This gives \(F(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 0 & forx\le 0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 1-{ e }^{ 2x } & forx>0 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
(iii) P(X < ) = P(X ≤2 ) = F(2 ) = 1-e^2\(\times\)2 (since F(x) is continuous)
(iv) The probability that X is at least equal to four unit of time is
P(X ≥ 4 ) = 1 - P(X < 4 ) = 1- F( 4) = 1 - ( 1-e^{-2\(\times\)4}) = e⁸
(v) In the continuous case, f (x) at x = a is not the probability that X takes the value a, that is f (x) at x = a is not equal to P( X ) a.  If X is continuous type, P(X = a) = 0 for a ∈ R. Therefore P(x = 3) = 0.

(i) Differentiating F(x) with respect to x at continuity points of f(x), we get
\(f(x)={ F }^{ 1 }(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 0 & x<0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0\le x<1 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & x\ge 1 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
The pdf f(x) is not continuous at x = 0, or at x = 1. We can define f(0) and f(1) in any manner. Choosing f(0) = 1, and f(1) = 0 .
Therefore the probability density function f(x) is
\(f(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 1 & 0\le x<1 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & otherwise \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
(ii) P(0.2 ≤ X ≤ 0.7) = F(0.7) − F(0.2)
= 0.7-0.2 = 0.5
\(P(0.2\le X\le 0.7)=\int _{ 0.2 }^{ 0.7 }{ f(x) } dx=\int _{ 0.2 }^{ 0.7 }{ 1dx } =0.5\)

The possible events of selection are
(i) both balls may be black, or
(ii) one white and one black or
(iii) both are white.
Therefore X is a random variable that take the values,
X (both are black balls) = Rs. 2(30) = Rs. 60
X (one black and one white ball) = Rs. 30 − Rs. 20 = Rs. 10
X (both are white balls) = Rs. 2( − 20) = - Rs. 40
Therefore X takes on the values 60,10, and − 40.

Let p be the probability that indicates the defective rate of an electronic device
n = 10
\(P=5\%=0.05 \) 
q = 1 - p
n = 10, p = 0.05, X ~ B(n, p)
P(X = x) = ⁿC_x p^x q^n-x, x = 0, 1,2, .., n
(i) Atleast 1 defective item
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 - P(X < 1)
= 1-P(X = 0)
= 1-¹⁰C₀ (0.05)⁰ (0.95)¹⁰
P(X ≥1) = 1 - (0.95)¹⁰
(ii) Exactly two defective items  
P(X = 2) =¹⁰C₂(0.05)² (0.95)⁸

Given \(f(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} kxe^{ -2x } & forx>0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & for\quad x\le 0 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\)
Since the given function is a probability density function 
\(\int _{ -\infty }^{ \infty }{ f(x)dx } \) = 1 
\(\Rightarrow k\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { xe }^{ -2x }dx=1 } \)
\(\Rightarrow k \frac { 1! }{ \left( 2 \right) ^{ 2 } } =1\) 
[\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ n }e^{ -ax } } =\frac { n! }{ { a }^{ +1 } } \), Here a = 2, n = 1]
\(\Rightarrow \frac { k }{ 4 } =1\\ \Rightarrow k=4\)

Sample space s = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
n(S) = 8
Let X be the random variable denoting the number of heads
X = {0, 1, 2, 3}
Values of randomn variabl 0 1 2 3 Total Number of elements in inverse image 1 3 3 1 8 Probability mass function 
x 0 1 2 3 f(x) \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \) \(\cfrac { 3 }{ 8 } \) \(\cfrac { 3 }{ 8 } \)  \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \) \(\therefore f(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} \frac { 1 }{ 8 } & \begin{matrix} for & x=0,3 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} \frac { 3 }{ 8 } & \begin{matrix} for & x=1,2 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{cases}\)

Let X be the random variable denotes the total C score is two throws of a die.
Sample space S

II	2	3	3	4	4	4
I
2	4	5	5	6	6	6
3	5	6	6	7	7	7
3	5	6	6	7	7	7
4	6	7	7	8	8	8
4	6	7	7	8	8	8
4	6	7	7	8	8	8

n (S) = 36
X = {4,5,6,7,8}
From the sample space

Values of random variable	4	5	6	7	8	Total
No of points in inverse image	1	4	10	12	9	36

Let X be the random variable denotes the Winning amount.
X (Both are black balls) = Rs. 2 (-10) = Rs. -20
X (one red and oneblack ball) = Rs.15-Rs. 10 = Rs. 5
X (both are red ball) = Rs. 2 (15) = Rs. 30
= {-20, 5, 30}
The sample space consists of ¹⁴C₂ = 91
X = -20, Both are black balls= ⁸C₁ = 28
X = 5, One black, one redball = ⁸C₁ x ⁶C₁ = 8 x 6 = 48
X = 30, Both are white balls = ⁶C₁ = 15

Values of random variable	30	5	-20	Total
Number of points in inverse image	15	48	28	91

Let X be the random variable of number of black cards occur.
X = {0,1,2}
Sample space ⁵²C₂ = 1326
Let X denote the number of black cards drawn.
X = 0, X (both are red cards) = ²⁶C₂ = 325  
X = 1 (1 black card and 1 red card) = ²⁶C₁ \(\times\) ²⁶C₁ = 676  
X = 2 (both are black cards) = ²⁶C₂ = 325  
∴ X takes the values 0, 1, 2

Values of random variable X	0	1	2	Total
Number of elements in inverse images	325	676	325	1326

Let X be the random variable of number of tails when three coins tossed.
S = {HHH, HHT, THH, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH,TTT}
n(S) = 8
Let X denote the number of tarits occured.
X^-1 (0) {HHH} = 1
X^-1 (1) = {HHT, THT, HTH} = 3
X^-1 (2) =, {HTT, THT, TTH} = 3
X^-1 (3) = {TTT} = 1
ஃ X takes the values 0, 1, 2, 3.

Values of random variable X	0	1	2	3	Tortal
Number of elements in reverse images	1	3	3	1	8

Since f (x) is a probability density function, f (x) ≥ 0 and \(\int _{ -\infty }^{ \infty }{ f(x) } dx=1\) 
That is \(\int _{ -\infty }^{ 1 }{ 0dx } +\int _{ 1 }^{ 5 }{ kdx } +\int _{ 5 }^{ \infty }{ 0dx } =1\) 
\(0+k\left( x \right) _{ 1 }^{ 5 }+0=1\Rightarrow 4k=1\Rightarrow k=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \) 
Therefore the probability density function is
\(f\left( x \right) =\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} \frac { 1 }{ 4 } & 1\le x\le 5 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & Otherwise \end{matrix} \end{cases}\)
(i) Distribution function
The distribution function 
\(F(x)=P\left( X\le x \right) =\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u)dx } \) 
When x < 1, \(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u)du } =\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ oldu } =0\) 
When 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 \(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u)du=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ 0du } +\int _{ 1 }^{ x }{ odu } +\int _{ 1 }^{ x }{ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } du } =\frac { 1 }{ 4 } (x-1) } \) 
When x ≥ 5 \(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u) } du=\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ odu } +\int _{ 1 }^{ 5 }{ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } du } +\int _{ 1 }^{ 5 }{ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } du } +\int _{ 5 }^{ 5 }{ odu } =1\) 
Thus \(F(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 0 & x<1 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} \frac { x-1 }{ 1 } & 1\le x\le 5 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 1 & x>5 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
(ii) P(X < 3) = P(X ≤ 3) = F(3) = \(\frac { 3-1 }{ 2 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) (Since F(x) is continuous)
(iii) P(2 < X < 4) = P(2 ≤ X ≤ 4) F(4) - F(2) = \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) 
(iv) P(3 ≤ X ) = P(X ≥ 3) = 1− P(X < 3) = 1 - \(1-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)

Since X is a discrete random variable, from the given data, X takes on the values
−2, −1, 0, and 1.
For discrete random variable X, by definition, we have f (x) = P(X = x)
Therefore left hand limit of f(x) at x = -2 is F(− 2⁻ ) 
f (−2) = P(X =-2 ) = F(-2 ) - F(- 2^- )= 0.25-0 = 0.25
Similarly for other jump points, we have
f (−1) = P(X = -1) = F(-1) - F(-2) = 0.60 - 0.25 = 0.35.
f (0) = P(X ) 0) = F(0) - F(-1) = 0.90 - 0.60 = 0.30 ,
f (1) = P(X =1) = F(1) - F(0) 1- 0.90 = 0.10 .
Therefore the probability mass function is

x	-2	-1	0	1
f(x)	0.25	0.35	0.30	0.10

The distribution function F(x) has jumps at x = -2, -1, 0, and 1. The jumps are respectively 0.25, 0.35, 0.30, and 0.1 is shown in the figure given below.
These jumps determine the probability mass function

(i) \(P(X<0)=\sum _{ -\infty }^{ -1 }{ P(X=x)=P(X=-1)=0.25+0.35 } =0.60\)
(ii) \(P(X\ge -1)=\sum _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ P(X=x)=P(x=-1) } +P(X=0)+P(X=1)=0.35+030+0.10=0.75\)

By definition the cumulative distribution function for discrete random variable is
\(F(x)P\left( X\le x \right) =\underset { { x }_{ 1 }\le x }{ \Sigma } P(X={ x }_{ 1 })\) 
\(P(X<1)=0\) for -∞
\(F(1)=P\left( X\le 1 \right) =\underset { { x }_{ 1 }\le x }{ \Sigma } P(X={ x }_{ i })=\sum _{ -\infty }^{ 1 }{ P(X=x) } =P\left( X<1 \right) +P\left( X=1 \right) =0+\frac { 1 }{ 12 } =\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \)
\(F(2)=P\left( X\le 2 \right) =\sum _{ -\infty }^{ 2 }{ P\left( X=x \right) } =P\left( X\le 1 \right) +P\left( X=1 \right) +P\left( X=2 \right) \) 
= \(0+\frac { 1 }{ 12 } +\frac { 5 }{ 12 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) 
\(F(3)=P\left( X\le 3 \right) =\sum _{ -\infty }^{ 3 }{ P(X=x) } =P\left( X<1 \right) +P\left( X=1 \right) +P\left( X=2 \right) +P\left( X=3 \right) \)
= \(0+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 5 }{ 12 } +\frac { 5 }{ 12 } =\frac { 11 }{ 12 } \) 
\(F(4)=P\left( X\le 4 \right) =\sum _{ -\infty }^{ 4 }{ P\left( X=x \right) } =P\left( X=1 \right) +P\left( X=2 \right) +P\left( X=3 \right) +P(X=4)\)
= \(0+\frac { 1 }{ 12 } +\frac { 5 }{ 12 } +\frac { 5 }{ 12 } +\frac { 1 }{ 12 } =1\)
\(F(x)= \begin{cases}0, & -\infty

(ii) \(P(X\le 3)=F(3)\frac { 11 }{ 12 } \)
(iii) \(P(X\ge 2)=1-P\left( X<2 \right) =1-P(X\le 1)=1-F(1)=1-\frac { 1 }{ 12 } =\frac { 11 }{ 12 } \)

Given 

(i) The probability density function. Differentiating F(x) with respect to 'x' at continuity points  of F(x), we get
\(F(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} 0 & x<0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} \frac { 1 }{ 2 } ({ 2x }+1) & 0\le x<1 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 1 & x\ge 1 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
(ii) \(p(0.3\le X\le 0.6)=\int _{ 0.3 }^{ 0.6 }{ f(x)dx } \) 
= \(\int _{ 0.3 }^{ 0.6 }{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 2x+1 \right) dx } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \frac { { 2x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +x \right] _{ 0.3 }^{ 0.6 }\) 
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( { x }^{ 2 }+x \right) _{ 0.3 }^{ 0.6 }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \left( { 0.6 }^{ 2 }+0.6 \right) -\left( { 0.3 }^{ 2 }+0.3 \right) \right] \) 
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \left( .36.6 \right) \right] -\left( .09+0.3 \right) ]\) 
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ 0.96-.39 \right] =\frac { 0.57 }{ 2 } =0.285\) 
= 0.285

Given \(\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} k & 200\le x\le 600 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & otherwise \end{matrix} \end{cases}\) 
(i) Since f{x) is a probability density function
\(\int _{ -\infty }^{ \infty }{ f(x)d=1\Rightarrow \int _{ 200 }^{ 600 }{ kda } =1 } \) 
\(\Rightarrow k[x]_{ 200 }^{ 600 }=1\Rightarrow k(600-200)=1\) 
400 k = 1
\(\Rightarrow k=\frac { 1 }{ 400 } \) 
(ii) The distribution function  
= \(\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u) } du\) 
Case 1: x < 200
\(F(x) =\int _{ -\infty }^{ u }{ du } =0\) 
Case 1: x < 200 ≤ x ≤  600
\(\int _{ -\infty }^{ x }{ f(u) } du\)
\(F(x)=\int _{ -\infty }^{ 200 }{ f(u)du } =+\int _{ 200 }^{ x }{ f(u)du } \)  
= \( =\frac { 1 }{ 400 }(x-200) =\frac { x }{ 400 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) 
Case 3: x > 600
\(F(x) =\int _{ -\infty }^{ u }{ du } =0\) 
\(f(x)= \begin{cases}0, & x<200 \\ \frac{x}{400}-\frac{1}{2}, & 200 \leq x \leq 600 \\ 0, & x>600\end{cases}\)
(iii) P(300 < x < 500)
= \(\int _{ 300 }^{ 500 }{ kdx=\frac { 1 }{ 400 } \left[ x \right] _{ 300 }^{ 500 } } \) 
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 400 } \left[ 500-300 \right] =\frac { 200 }{ 400 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)

Given probability mass function is

x	0	1	2	3	4
f(x)	\(\frac{1}{36}\)	\(\frac{2}{36}\)	\(\frac{3}{36}\)	\(\frac{2}{36}\)	\(\frac{3}{36}\)

(i) Since f(x) is a probability mass function.
\(\sum _{ i=1 }^{ 5 }{ f({ x }_{ i }) } =1\) 
⇒ k² + 2k² + 3k² + 2k + 3k = 1
⇒ 6k² + 5k = 1
⇒ 6k² + 5k - 1 = 0 
⇒ (k + 1) (6k - 1) = 0
⇒ k = -1 or  ⇒ \(k=\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) 
⇒ \(k=\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)
(ii) p(2 ≤ x < 5)
= p(x = 2) + p(x = 3) + p(x = 4)
= 2k² + 3k² + 2k = 5k² + 2k
= \(5\left( \frac { 1 }{ 36 } \right) +2\left( \frac { 1 }{ 6 } \right) \) 
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 36 } +\frac { 1 }{ 3 } =\frac { 5+12 }{ 36 } \) 
= \(\frac { 17 }{ 36 } \) 
(iii) p(3 < x) = p(x > 3)
= p(x = 4) + p(x = 5)
= 2k + 3k = 5k
= \(5\left( \frac { 1 }{ 6 } \right) \) 
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 6 } \)

Given
\(\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ f(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+1 }{ k } & forx=0,1,2 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} 0 & otherwise \end{matrix} \end{cases}\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \)
The random variable X take the values 0, 1, 2.
Probability mass function.

x	0	1	2
f(x)	\(\cfrac { 1 }{ k } \)	\(\cfrac { 2 }{ k } \)	\(\cfrac {5 }{ k } \)

\(\sum _{ i=0 }^{ 2 }{ f(x_{ i })=1\Rightarrow f(0)+f(1)+f(2)=1 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 0+1 }{ k } +\frac { 1+1 }{ k } +\frac { 4+1 }{ k } \) 
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 1 }{ k } +\frac { 2 }{ k } +\frac { 5 }{ k } =1\) 
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 8 }{ k } =1\) 
\(\Rightarrow k=8\) 
(ii) Cumulative distribution function

x	0	1	2
f(x)	\(\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \)	\(\cfrac { 2 }{ 8 } \)	1

\(F(0)=P(X<0)\\P(x=0)\\ =\frac { 1 }{ 8 } \) 
\(F(1)=P(X = 0)+ P(X = 1)\\ \frac { 1 }{ 8 } +\frac { 2 }{ 8 } =\frac { 3 }{ 8 } \)
\(F(2)=P(X= 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) = \frac { 1 }{ 8 } +\frac { 2 }{ 8 } +\frac { 5 }{ 8 } =1\) 
Cumulative distribution function is
\(f(x)=\begin{cases} \begin{matrix} \frac { 1 }{ 8 } & for & x\le 0 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} \frac { 2 }{ 8 } +\frac { 1 }{ 8 } & for & \frac { 3 }{ 8 } forx\le 1 \end{matrix} \\ \begin{matrix} \frac { 3 }{ 8 } +\frac { 5 }{ 8 } =1 & for & x\le 2 \end{matrix} \end{cases}\)
(iii) p(x ≥ 1) = p(x = 1) + p(x = 2)
= \(\frac { 2 }{ 8 } +\frac { 5 }{ 8 } \)
\(p(x\ge 1)=\frac { 7 }{ 8 } \)

Let X be the random variable denotes number of| girl child among 4 children
X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
X =2) (0) {BBBB}
X(1) = {GBBB, BGBB, BBGB, BBBG}
X(2) = {GGBB, BBGG, GBGB, BGBG, BGGB, GBBG}
X(3) = {BGGG, GGGB, GBGG, GGBG}
X(4) = {GGGG}

Values of the random variable	0	1	2	3	4	Total
No. of elements in inverse images	1	4	6	4	1	16

(i) Probability mass function

x	0	1	2	3	4	Total
f(x)	\(\\ \cfrac { 1 }{16 } \)	\(\cfrac { 4 }{ 16 } \)	\(\cfrac { 6 }{ 16 } \)	\(\cfrac { 4 }{ 16 } \)	\(\\ \cfrac { 1 }{16 } \)	1

(ii) Cumulative distribution function
F(x) = p(X ≤ x) = \(\sum_{x_i ≤ x }\)P(X = x_i)
P(X<0) = 0 for -\(\infty\) < x < 0
\(F(0)=\frac { 1 }{ 16 } \) 
\(F(1)=\frac { 1 }{ 16 } +\frac { 1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 5 }{ 16 } \) 
\(F(2)=\frac { 5 }{ 16 } +\frac { 3 }{ 8 } =\frac { 5 }{ 16 } +\frac { 6 }{ 16 } =\frac { 11 }{ 16 } \)
\(F(3)=\frac { 11 }{ 6 } +\frac { 1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 11 }{ 16 } +\frac { 4 }{ 16 } =\frac { 15 }{ 16 } \) 
\(F(4)=\frac { 15 }{ 16 } +\frac { 1 }{ 16 } =\frac { 16 }{ 16 } =1\)
\(F(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{lll} \frac{0}{16} & \text { for } & x<0 \\ \frac{1}{16} & \text { for } & x \leq 0 \\ \frac{5}{16} & \text { for } & x \leq 1 \\ \frac{11}{16} & \text { for } & x \leq 2 \\ \frac{15}{16} & \text { for } & x \leq 3 \\ 1 & \text { for } & x \leq 4 \end{array}\right.\)

Let X be the thrown random variable denotes the total in two the thrown a die.
Sample space S

I/II	1	3	3	5	5	5
1	2	4	4	6	6	6
3	4	6	6	8	8	8
3	4	6	6	8	8	8
5	6	8	8	10	10	10
5	6	8	8	10	10	10
5	6	8	8	10	10	10

n (S) = 36
X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

Values of the random variable	2	4	6	8	10	Total
No. of elements in inverse images	1	4	10	12	9	36

\(p(x=2)=\cfrac { 1 }{ 36 } \)
\(p(x=4)=\cfrac { 4 }{ 36 } \)
\(p(x=6)=\cfrac { 10 }{ 36 } \)
\(p(x=8)=\cfrac { 12 }{ 36 } \)
\(p(x=10)=\cfrac { 9 }{ 36 } \)
(i) Probability mass function is

x	2	4	6	8	10
f(x)	\(\\ \cfrac { 1 }{ 36 } \)	\(\cfrac { 4 }{ 36 } \)	\(\cfrac { 10 }{ 36 } \)	\(\cfrac { 12 }{ 36 } \)	\(\cfrac { 9 }{ 36 } \)

(ii) Cumulative distribution function .
F(x) = p(X ≤ x) = \(\sum_{x_i ≤ x }\)(X = x_i)
P(X<2) = 0 for \(\infty\) < x < 2
\(F(2)=\frac { 1 }{ 36 } \)
\(F(4)=\frac { 1 }{ 36 } +\frac { 4 }{ 36 } =\frac { 5 }{ 36 } \)
\(F(6)=\frac { 1 }{ 36 } +\frac { 4 }{ 36 } +\frac { 10 }{ 36 } =\frac { 15 }{ 36 } \)
\(F(8)=\frac { 1 }{ 36 } +\frac { 4 }{ 36 } +\frac { 10 }{ 36 } +\frac { 12 }{ 36 } =\frac { 27 }{ 36 }\)
\(F(10)=\frac { 27 }{ 36 } +\frac { 9 }{ 36 } =\frac { 36 }{ 36 } =1\)
∵ The cumulative distribution function n
\(F(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{lll} 0 & \text { for } & x<2 \\ \frac{1}{36} & \text { for } & x \leq 2 \\ \frac{5}{36} & \text { for } & x \leq 6 \\ \frac{15}{36} & \text { for } & x \leq 8 \\ 1 & \text { for } & x \leq 10 \end{array}\right.\)
(iii) p(4≤ X < 10) = p(x = 4) + p(x = 6) + p(x = 8)
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 36 } +\frac { 10 }{ 36 } +\frac { 12 }{ 36 } +\frac { 26 }{ 36 } =\frac { 13 }{ 18 } \)  
(iv) p(x ≥ 6) = p(x = 6) + p(x = 8) + p(x = 10)
= \(\frac { 10 }{ 36 } +\frac { 12 }{ 36 } +\frac { 9 }{ 36 } =\frac { 31 }{ 36 } \)
Sample space = {4 childrens}