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Published on: 13/05/2022
12th Standard Maths English Medium Application of Matrices and Determinants Important Questions
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths TestPart -B
1.
If A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix} \right] \) is non-singular, find A−1.
2.
If A is symmetric, prove that then adj A is also symmetric.
3.
Find the rank of the following matrices by minor method:
\(\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 -2 -10 \\ 3 -6 -31 \end{array}\right]\)
4.
Solve the system of equations by Rank method x + y = 5, 2x + y = 8
Part - D
5.
If F(\(\alpha\)) = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} \cos { \alpha } & 0 & \sin { \alpha } \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -\sin { \alpha } & 0 & \cos { \alpha } \end{matrix} \right] \), show that [F(\(\alpha\))]-1 = F(-\(\alpha\)).
6.
In a T20 match, a team needed just 6 runs to win with 1 ball left to go in the last over. The last ball was bowled and the batsman at the crease hit it high up. The ball traversed along a path in a vertical plane and the equation of the path is y = ax2 + bx + c with respect to a xy-coordinate system in the vertical plane and the ball traversed through the points (10, 8), (20, 16) (40, 22) can you conclude that the team won the match?
Justify your answer. (All distances are measured in metres and the meeting point of the plane of the path with the farthest boundary line is (70, 0).)
7.
Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible solve:
4x − 2y + 6z = 8, x + y − 3z = −1, 15x − 3y + 9z = 21.
8.
Find the inverse of each of the following by Gauss-Jordan method:
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 6 & -2 & -3 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Part - C
9.
If A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & -4 \\ -5 & 3 \end{matrix} \right] \), verify that A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|I2.
10.
Find adj(adj (A)) if adj A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ -1 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \).
11.
Find the rank of the following matrices by row reduction method:
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} -2 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
12.
Solve the following system of linear equations by matrix inversion method :
2x − y = 8 , 3x + 2y = −2.
13.
Verify that (A-1)T = (AT)-1 for A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & -3 \\ 5 & -6 \end{matrix} \right] \).
Part - A
14.
If A\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 6 & 0 \\ 0 & 6 \end{matrix} \right] \), then A =
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ -1 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & 2 \\ -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & -1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
15.
If (AB)-1 = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 12 & -17 \\ -19 & 27 \end{matrix} \right] \) and A-1 = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 \\ -2 & 3 \end{matrix} \right] \), then B-1 =
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -5 \\ -3 & 8 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & 5 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & -5 \\ -3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
16.
If A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & -3 & 4 \\ 2 & -3 & 4 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \), then adj(adj A) is
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & -3 & 4 \\ 2 & -3 & 4 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 6 & -6 & 8 \\ 4 & -6 & 8 \\ 0 & -2 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -3 & 3 & -4 \\ -2 & 3 & -4 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & -3 & 4 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \\ 2 & -3 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \)
17.
The system of linear equations x + y + z = 2, 2x + y - z = 3, 3x + 2y + kz = has a unique solution if __________
k ≠ 0
-1 < k < 1
-2 < k < 2
k = 0
18.
If A is a matrix of order m \(\times\) n, then \(\rho\) (A) is _________
m
n
≤ min (m,n)
≥ min (m,n)
19.
Which of the following is not an elementary transformation?
Ri ↔️ Rj
Ri ⟶ 2Ri + Rj
Cj ⟶ Cj + Ci
Ri ⟶ Ri + Cj
20.
If \(\rho\) (A) ≠ \(\rho\) ([AIB]), then the system is _____________
consistent and has infinitely many solutions
consistent and has a unique solution
consistent
inconsistent
21.
If A = [2 0 1] then the rank of AAT is ______
1
2
3
0
22.
Part -B
1.
We first find adj A. By definition, we get adj A = \({ \left[ \begin{matrix} +{ M }_{ 11 } & -{ M }_{ 12 } \\ -{ M }_{ 21 } & +{ M }_{ 22 } \end{matrix} \right] }^{ T }={ \left[ \begin{matrix} d & -c \\ -b & a \end{matrix} \right] }^{ T }=\left[ \begin{matrix} d & -c \\ -c & a \end{matrix} \right] \).
Since A is non-singular, |A| = ad - bc ≠ 0.
As \({ A }^{ -1 }=\frac { 1 }{ \left| A \right| } \) adj A, we get A-1 = \(\frac { 1 }{ ad-bc } \left[ \begin{matrix} d & -b \\ -c & a \end{matrix} \right] \).
2.
Suppose A is symmetric. Then, AT = A and so, by theorem (vi), we get
adj(AT) = (adj A)T ⇒ adj A = (adj A)T ⇒ adj A is symmetric.
3.
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -2 \\ -6 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ -3 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Let A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -2 \\ -6 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ -3 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
A is a matrix of order (2 \(\times\) 4)
∴ \(\rho \)(A) ≤ min(2, 4) = 2
The highest order of minor of A is 2
It is \(\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & -2 \\ 3 & -6 \end{matrix} \right| \) = -6 + 6 = 0
Also, \(\left| \begin{matrix} -1 & 0 \\ -3 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \) = -1 + 0 = -1 ≠ 0
∴ \(\rho \)(A) = 2
4.
x = 3,
y = 2
Part - D
5.
Given F (\(\alpha\)) = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} \cos { \alpha } & 0 & \sin { \alpha } \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -\sin { \alpha } & 0 & \cos { \alpha } \end{matrix} \right] \)
Expanding along R1 we get,
|F(\(\alpha\))| = cos \(\alpha\) \(\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right| -0+sin\alpha \left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ -sin\alpha & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= cos \(\alpha\) (cos - 0) + sin \(\alpha\) (0 + sin \(\alpha\))
= cos2 + sin2 \(\alpha\) = 1 ≠ 0
Since F (\(\alpha\)) is a non-singular matrix, [F(\(\alpha\))]-1 exists
Now, adj (F(\(\alpha\))) = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} +\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 0 \\ sin\alpha & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ -sin\alpha & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \\ -\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & sin\alpha \\ 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & sin\alpha \\ -sin\alpha & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 \\ sin\alpha & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \\ +\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & sin\alpha \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & sin\alpha \\ 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \end{matrix} \right] ^{ T }\)
=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} +(cos\alpha -0) & -(0) & +(0+sin\alpha ) \\ -(0) & +(cos^{ 2 }\alpha +sin^{ 2 }\alpha & -(0) \\ +(0-sin\alpha ) & -(0) & +(cos-0) \end{matrix} \right] ^{ T }\)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 & +sin\alpha \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -sin\alpha & 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 & -sin\alpha \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ +sin\alpha & 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right] \)
∴ F(\(\alpha\))-1 = \(\frac { 1 }{ |F(\alpha )| } \) adj (F(\(\alpha\)))
[F(\(\alpha\))]-1 = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1 } \left[ \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 & -sin\alpha \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ +sin\alpha & 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right] \)
= \(\left[ \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 & -sin\alpha \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ +sin\alpha & 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right] \) ..............(1)
Now, F(-\(\alpha\))=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} cos(-\alpha ) & 0 & sin(-\alpha ) \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -s9n(-\alpha ) & 0 & cos(-\alpha ) \end{matrix} \right] \)
=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} cos\alpha & 0 & -sin\alpha \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ sin\alpha & 0 & cos\alpha \end{matrix} \right] \) ..............(2)
[∵ cos \(\alpha\) is an even function, cos (-\(\alpha\)) = cos \(\alpha\) and sin \(\alpha\) is an odd function, sin (-\(\alpha\)) = -sin\(\alpha\)]
From (1) and (2)
[F(\(\alpha\))]-1 = F (-\(\alpha\))
6.
The path y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the points (10, 8), (20, 16), (40, 22). So, we get the system of equations 100a + 10b + c = 8, 400a + 20b + c = 16, 1600a + 40b + c = 22. To apply Cramer’s rule, we find
Δ = \(\left| \begin{matrix} 100 & 10 & 1 \\ 400 & 20 & 1 \\ 1600 & 40 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =1000\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 4 & 2 & 1 \\ 16 & 4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 1000 [-2 + 12 - 6] = -6000,
Δ1 = \(\left| \begin{matrix} 8 & 10 & 1 \\ 16 & 20 & 1 \\ 22 & 40 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =20\left| \begin{matrix} 4 & 1 & 1 \\ 8 & 2 & 1 \\ 11 & 4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 20[-8 + 3 + 10] = 100,
Δ2 = \(\left| \begin{matrix} 100 & 8 & 1 \\ 400 & 16 & 1 \\ 1600 & 22 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =200\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 4 & 1 \\ 4 & 8 & 1 \\ 16 & 11 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 200[-3 + 48 - 84] = -7800,
Δ3 = \(\left| \begin{matrix} 100 & 10 & 8 \\ 400 & 20 & 16 \\ 1600 & 40 & 22 \end{matrix} \right| =2000\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 4 \\ 4 & 2 & 8 \\ 16 & 4 & 11 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 2000[-10 + 84 - 64] = 20000.
By Cramer’s rule, we get a = \(\frac { { \Delta }_{ 1 } }{ \Delta } =-\frac { 1 }{ 60 } \), b = \(\frac { { \Delta }_{ 2 } }{ \Delta } =\frac { 7800 }{ 6000 } =\frac { 78 }{ 60 } =\frac { 13 }{ 10 } \), c = \(\frac { { \Delta }_{ 3 } }{ \Delta } =\frac { 20000 }{ 6000 } =-\frac { 20 }{ 6 } =-\frac { 10 }{ 3 } \).
So, the equation of the path is y = \(\frac { 1 }{ 60 } { x }^{ 2 }+\frac { 13 }{ 10 } x-\frac { 10 }{ 3 } \).
When x = 70, we get y = 6. So, the ball went by 6 metres high over the boundary line and it is impossible for a fielder standing even just before the boundary line to jump and catch the ball. Hence the ball went for a super six and the team won the match.
7.
Here the number of unknowns is 3.
The matrix form of the system is AX = B, where
A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & -2 & 6 \\ 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 15 & -3 & 9 \end{matrix} \right] \), X = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{matrix} \right] \), B = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 \\ -1 \\ 21 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Applying elementary row operations on the augmented matrix [A | B], we get
[A | B] = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & -2 & 6 \\ 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 15 & -3 & 9 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 8 \\ -1 \\ 21 \end{matrix} \right] \) \(\overset { { R }_{ 1 }\leftrightarrow { R }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 4 & -2 & 6 \\ 15 & -3 & 9 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 8 \\ 21 \end{matrix} \right] \overset { \begin{matrix} { R }_{ 2 }\longrightarrow { R }_{ 2 }-4{ R }_{ 1 }, \\ { R }_{ 3 }\longrightarrow { R }_{ 3 }-15{ R }_{ 1 } \end{matrix} }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 0 & -6 & 18 \\ 0 & -18 & 54 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 12 \\ 36 \end{matrix} \right] \)\(\overset { \begin{matrix} { R }_{ 2 }\longrightarrow { R }_{ 2 }\div \left( -6 \right) , \\ { R }_{ 3 }\longrightarrow { R }_{ 3 }\div \left( -18 \right) \end{matrix} }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 0 & 1 & -3 \\ 0 & 1 & -3 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -1 \\ -2 \\ -2 \end{matrix} \right] \overset { { R }_{ 3 }\longrightarrow { R }_{ 3 }-{ R }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & -3 \\ 0 & 1 & -3 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -1 \\ -2 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \right] \).
So, ρ(A)= ρ([A | B]) = 2 < 3. From the echelon form, we get the equivalent equations
x + y − 3z = −1, y − 3z = −2 , 0 = 0.
The equivalent system has two non-trivial equations and three unknowns. So, one of the unknowns should be fixed at our choice in order to get two equations for the other two unknowns. We fix z arbitrarily as a real number t , and we get y = 3t − 2, x = −1−(3t − 2) + 3t = 1. So, the solution is (x = 1, y = 3t − 2, z = t), where t is real. The above solution set is a one-parameter family of solutions. Here, the given system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions which form a one parameter family of solutions.
8.
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 6 & -2 & -3 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Let A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 6 & -2 & -3 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Applying Gauss - Jordan method, we get
[A|I3] =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 6 & -2 & -3 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { R }_{ 2 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 2 }-{ R }_{ 1 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 6 & -2 & -3 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { R }_{ 3 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 3 }-6{ R }_{ 1 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 4 & -3 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -1 & 1 & 0 \\ -6 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { R }_{ 3 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 3 }-4{ R }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -1 & 1 & 0 \\ -2 & -4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { R }_{ 1 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 1 }+{ R }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ -1 & -4 & 1 \\ -2 & -4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\\ \overset { { R }_{ 1 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 1 }+R_{ 3 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -2 & -3 & 1 \\ -1 & 1 & 1 \\ -2 & -4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { R }_{ 2 }\rightarrow { R }_{ 2 }+{ R }_{ 3 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix}|\begin{matrix} -2 & -3 & 1 \\ -3 & - & 1 \\ -2 & -4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
So, We get A-1=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & -3 & 1 \\ -3 & -3 & 1 \\ -2 & -4 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \).
Part - C
9.
Given A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & -4 \\ -5 & 3 \end{matrix} \right] \)
adj A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 8 \end{matrix} \right] \)
[Interchange the elements in the leading diagonal and change the sign of the elements in the off diagonal]
|A| = 24 - 20 = 4
∴ A(adj A) =\(\\ \left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & -4 \\ -5 & 3 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 8 \end{matrix} \right] \)
=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 24-20 & 32-32 \\ -15+15 & -20+24 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & 0 \\ 0 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \) ....(1)
(adj A)(A) =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 8 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 & -4 \\ -5 & 3 \end{matrix} \right] \)
=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 24-20 & -12+12 \\ 40-40 & -20+24 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & 0 \\ 0 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \)...(2)
|A|I2 = 4\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & 0 \\ 0 & 4 \end{matrix} \right] \) .....(3)
From (1), (2) and (3), it is proved that
A (adj A) = (adj A) A = |A|I2
10.
Given adj A =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ -1 & 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
Now adj(adj A) =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} +\left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 0 \\ -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 2 \\ -1 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \\ -\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 \\ -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ -1 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \\ +\left| \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| & -\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{matrix} \right| & +\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| \end{matrix} \right] ^{ T }\)
=\(\left[ \begin{matrix} +(2-0) & -(0) & +(0+2) \\ -(0) & +(1+1) & -(0) \\ +(0+2) & -(0) & +(2-0) \end{matrix} \right] ^{ T }=\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ -2 & 0 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] ^{ T }\)
adj(adj A) =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 0 & -2 \\ 0 & 2 & 0 \\ 2 & 0 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
11.
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} -2 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
Let A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} -2 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
A = \(\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 3 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -1 \\ \begin{matrix} -2 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 2 \\ \begin{matrix} 3 \\ 1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \overset { { { R } }_{ 2 }\rightarrow { { R } }_{ 2 }3{ { R } }_{ 1 }\\ { { R } }_{ 3 }\rightarrow { { R } }_{ 3 }-{ { R } }_{ 1 } }{ \underset { { { R } }_{ 4 }\rightarrow { { R } }_{ 4 }-{ { R } }_{ 1 } }{ \longrightarrow } } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -7 \\ \begin{matrix} -4 \\ -3 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ \begin{matrix} 4 \\ 2 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { { R } }_{ 3 }\rightarrow { { R } }_{ 3 }\div 4 }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -7 \\ \begin{matrix} -1 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { { R } }_{ 4 }\rightarrow { { R } }_{ 4 }-3{ { R } }_{ 3 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -7 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { { R } }_{ 3 }\rightarrow 7{ { R } }_{ 3 }-{ { R } }_{ 2 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -7 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
\(\overset { { { R } }_{ 4 }\rightarrow 2{ { R } }_{ 4 }-{ { R } }_{ 3 } }{ \longrightarrow } \left[ \begin{matrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} 2 \\ -7 \\ \begin{matrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 5 \\ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ 0 \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \right] \)
The last equivalent matrix is in row echelon form It has three non-zero rows.
∴ \(\rho \)(A) = 3
12.
2x-y = 8, 3x+2y+2 = -2
The matrix form of the system is
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} x \\ y \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 \\ -2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
⇒ AX = B where A =\(\\ \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
B =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 8 \\ -2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
⇒ X = A-1N
Now, |A| =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)= 4 + 3 = 7
∴ A-1= \(\frac { 1 }{ |A| } \)adj A
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 } \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 1 \\ -3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
∴ X = A-1B = \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 } \left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & 1 \\ -3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \left[ \begin{matrix} 8 \\ -2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 } \left[ \begin{matrix} 16-2 \\ -24-4 \end{matrix} \right] \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 7 } \left[ \begin{matrix} 14 \\ -28 \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} \frac { 14 }{ 7 } \\ \frac { -28 }{ 7 } \end{matrix} \right] =\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 \\ -4 \end{matrix} \right] \)
∴ x = 2, y = -4
Hence, the solution set is {2, -4}
13.
|A| =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & -3 \\ 5 & -6 \end{matrix} \right] \) = 12+15 = 27
∴ A-1 = \(\frac { 1 }{ |A| } adjA=\frac { 1 }{ 27 } \left[ \begin{matrix} -6 & 3 \\ -5 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)
(A-1)T = \(\frac { 1 }{ 27 } \left[ \begin{matrix} -6 & -5 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right] \)...(1)
AT =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & 5 \\ -3 & -6 \end{matrix} \right] \)
|AT| =\(\left[ \begin{matrix} -2 & 5 \\ -3 & -6 \end{matrix} \right] \) = 12+15 = 27
∴ (AT)-1 = \(\frac { 1 }{ |A^{ T }| } adj(A^{ T })=\frac { 1 }{ 27 } \left[ \begin{matrix} -6 & -5 \\ 3 & -2 \end{matrix} \right] \)...(2)
From (1) and (2), (A-1)T = (AT)-1
Part - A
14.
(c)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 4 & 2 \\ -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
15.
(a)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 2 & -5 \\ -3 & 8 \end{matrix} \right] \)
16.
(a)
\(\left[ \begin{matrix} 3 & -3 & 4 \\ 2 & -3 & 4 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right] \)
17.
(a)
k ≠ 0
18.
(c)
≤ min (m,n)
19.
(d)
Ri ⟶ Ri + Cj
20.
(d)
inconsistent
21.
(a)
1
22.
(c)
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