(a) Different kinds of packaging materials used commonly are: Plastic bags-for carrying eatables or other household things. Cardboard-used as shoe boxes, etc.
Jute bags-school bags and shopping bags.
(b) The packaging in plastic bags must be reduced as these are non-recyclable and harmful. Instead, paper bags can be used.
(c) Packaging materials increase the amount of garbage as it is being thrown carelessly on the roads, etc. Also, they are non-biodegradable wastes. Therefore, they cause harm to the nature through pollution.

Yes, it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilisers. The reasons are as follows:
(i) Compost is ecofriendly, while chemical fertilisers destroy the natural composition of soil by adding unwanted chemicals into the soil.
(ii) Production of compost is easy and harmless whereas production of chemical fertilisers is a costly process.
(iii) Chemical fertilisers cannot be decomposed by natural methods hence, create pollution of soil and water.

No, in my opinion, Paheli's action was not responsible.
If I would have been in her place, I would have used the paper for doing rough work or convert it into paper pulp to make a handicraft item.

It means reduce the waste generation, reuse the substances which can be used again and recycle the materials which are non-biodegradable and cannot be reused.

Polythene is more polluting than paper because it cannot be decomposed naturally by worms and microbes. So, these polythenes create problem and pose environmental threat on the other hand, papers are easily decomposed.

The following wastes constitute garbage:
(i) Kitchen waste
(ii) Domestic waste
(iii) Plastic bags

(a) Rotting smelly garbage can be converted into compost
(b) Dry leaves collected in a garbage can be used as manure.
(c) Old newspapers can be recycled to make paper bags or paper pulp for handicrafts.

The two types of wastes, i.e.biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes require different methods of disposal. Non-biodegradable wastes cannot be treated by methods used to dispose biodegradable wastes. Thus, our government has provided wastes. two types of dustbin for waste disposal.

We should not burn plastic items because
(i) they do not bum easily.
(ii) they produce toxic gases when burned and left ire over ashes are also toxic.
(iii) they add to soil pollution.
(iv) burnt pieces may be eaten by cows which may choke them to death.
(v) toxic gases lead to many respiratory diseases.

Composting It is a natural process by which biodegradable waste like leaves can be turned into manures by the use of microbes only.
Vermicomposting In this process, manure is formed from the waste by use of redworms along with the microbes.

The two ways to minimise the harmful effects of plastics are
(i) Reuse of plastic bags and containers will minimise the number Of plastic bags.
(ii) Avoid burning of plastics as they release harmful gases in the atmosphere.
Correct the definitions of certain terms given below by changing only one word.
(a) Compost Substances converted into manure for use in industries. 
(b) Landfill Garbage buried under water in an area.
(c) Recycling Reuse of unused material in the same or another form.

The recent ban on plastic bags is justified as due to this 
(i) Local people had started taking proper care of plastic disposal.
(ii) Ban on plastic bags had made people shift to paper bags for their day-to-day routine use.
(iii) Disposal of plastic bags had come under control due to this ban.

Waste recycling has some significant advantages. It:
(i) leads to less utilization of raw materials.
(ii) reduces environment impacts arising from waste treatment and disposal.
(iii) makes the surroundings cleaner and healthier.
(iv) saves our landfill space.
(v) saves money.
(vi) reduces the amount of energy required to manufacture new products.

(i) To reduce the wastes in that area.
(ii) Smoke and dust particles.
(iii) Composting is a method used to reduce wastes like leaves, as it is eco-friendly process
(iv) Recycling of waste papers.

Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and reusing of the usable waste materials. Proper disposal of garbage should be a concern of every citizen and not just of the government. Each and every individual must reduce activities that pollute the environment. A lot of waste is generated from homes, offices, schools, hospitals, etc. It includes food waste, paper, plastic, glass, metal, etc. Therefore, it is required that every individual must reduce the production of wastes and must help in the proper disposal of wastes.