a) The High Courts of the Presidency towns (Bombay, Calcutta and Madras) have both original and appellate jurisdictions, while other High Courts have mostly appellate jurisdiction.
b) Only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial and contempt of Court, they have original jurisdiction
c) The Presidency High Courts have original jurisdiction in which the amount involved is more than 2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the Presidency Magistrates.

i) The President is elected by an electoral college in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.
ii) The Electoral college consists of the elected members of both houses of Parliament and the elected members of the states and elected members of National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry.
iii) The President is elected for a term of five years and can be re-elected.

i) Six languages are granted the classical language status.
ii) They are Tamil, Sanskrit, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Odia.

Subsistence Farming, Shifting Agriculture, Intensive Farming, Dry Farming, Mixed Farming Agriculture and Terrace Cultivation.

It consists of calcium and magnesium carbonates, high quantities of iron, aluminium, lime and magnesia. It is rich in potash lime, aluminium, calcium and magnesium.

The sudden approach of monsoon wind over south India with lighting and thunder is termed as the 'break' or 'burst of monsoon'.

Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 meters of ascent. This is called 'normal lapse rate'.

The longitudinal difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is about 30°. Since Arunachal Pradesh is towards east. it will have sunrise about two hours earlier than the sunrise at Gujarat which is in the west. In order to avoid these differences, Indian Standard Time is calculated. The IST is 5.30 hrs ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

The neighbouring countries of India are Pakistan and Afghanistan in the North-West, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the East.

i) In, 1942 the Report Commonly known as the Beveridge Report was published in the U.K.
ii) It proposed a series of measures which the Government should adopt to provide the Citizens.
iii) The major impediments are adequate income, health care, education, housing and employment to overcome poverty and discase.

i) On December 1941, Japan attacked American naval installations in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii without any warning
ii) The idea was to cripple America's Pacific fleet so that Japan would not face any opposition
iii) Many battleships and numerous fighter planes were destroyed.
iv) The United States declared war on Japan, with Britain and China also joining in.
v) This brought together both the Asia Pacific and the European war into one common cause.
vi) Most importantly, it brought the United States with its enormous resources into the war as a part of the Allies.

It is the term used to describe the policy of the USA in maintaining and dominating over distant lands through economic aid.

a) In October 1922 in the context of a long ministerial crisis, Mussolini organised the Fascist March on Rome.
b) Impressed by the show of force, the King invited Mussolini to form a government.

i) Mustafa Kemal Pasha did a remarkable role for Turkey's rebirth as a nation.
ii) Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.

Trench Warfare:
(i) Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from enemy fire.
(ii) The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by a series of linking trenches through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail, and orders were delivered.

S.No.	Marine or Sea fishing	Inland or Fresh Water fishing
1.	Marine or Sea fishing includes coastal, off- shore and deep sea fisheries mainly on the continental shelf upto a depth of 200 m.	Rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs, ponds, tanks, etc. are the sources of freshwater and provide freshwater fisheries.
2.	Kerala leads in the marine fish production in India.	Andhra Pradesh leads in the inland fish production in India.
3.	Examples of the marine fishery are: Catfish Mackerels, Tunas, etc.	Examples of the inland fishery are: Rohus,Callas, etc.

S.No.	Weather	Climate
1.	Weather refers to the state of atmosphere of a place at a given point of time.	Climate is the accumulation of daily and seasonal weather event of a given location over a period of 30 - 35 years.
2.	Weather of a place may change daily.	Climate of a place remains constant over a long period.

S. No	West Coastal Plains	East Coastal Plains
1.	Western coastal plains lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian sea.	Eastern coastal plains lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
2.	It extends from Rann of Kutch in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.	It extends from Bengal in the north and Tamilnadu in the south.
3.	The short swift rivers do not make any deltas on the coast.	The large rivers make wide deltas on the eastern coastal plain.
4.	Characterised by sand beaches sand dunes and lagoons.	Formed by the alluvial fillings of the littoral zones by the east flowing rivers.
5.	The northern part of this coast is called the Konkan coast and the southern part is called the Malabar coast.	The northern part of this coast is called North circars and the southern part is called Coromandel coast.

S. No.	Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
1.	Western Ghats forms the western edge of the Deccan plateau	Eastern Ghats forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau.
2.	It runs parallel to the Arabian sea coast.	It runs parallel to the Bay of Bengal.
3.	The northern part of this range is called as Sahyadris.	It is also called as Poorvadri
4.	It is a continuous range.	It is not a continuous range.