Auxin and gibberellin.

(i) Photosynthesis It is a process by which green plants having chlorophyll can synthesise simple sugar (glucosc) from water and CO, using the energy of sunlight, The absorbed encrgy causes splittíng of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. During
this process,the light energy gets converted into chemical energy.
(ii) Autotrophs These organisms can synthesise their own food from inorganic substances present in the environment, e.g. green plants, autotrophic bacteria, etc.
(iii) Chloroplast The cells of the leaves contain special organelles called chloroplasts, which are the main sites of photosynthesis.
(iv) Guard cells Each stomatal pore is surrounded by a pair of guard cells that control their opening and closing by the inflow and outflow of water.
(v) Heterotrophs These organisms cannot make their own food from inorganic substances and depend on other organisms for their food, e.g. all animals, yeast, most bacteria, etc.
(vi) Pepsin It is a protein digesting enzyme secreted from the gastric glands present in the walls of stomach.

(i)Protein
(ii)Starch
(iii)Protein
(iv)Fats

Pancreatic trypsin

Artificial method of vegetative propagation like cutting are used to grow rose plants.

According to the Law of independent assortment " the factors of different pairs of contrasting characters do not influence each other. They are independent of one another in their assortment."

Ozone and its chemical formula is O₃

(i) Homologous organs. Those organs, which have the same basic structure but different functions are called homologous organs.
For example: The forelimbs of a man, a lizard, a frog, a bird and a bat have the same basic design of bones but they perform different functions.
The presence of homologous organs in different animals provides evidence for evolution that they are derived from the same ancestor who has the basic design of the organ on which all the homologous organs are based.
(ii) Analogous organs. Those organs, which have different basic structure but have similar appearance and perform similar functions are called analogous organs.
For example: The wings of an insect and a bird have different structures but they perform the same function of flying.
Analogous organs provide evidence for evolution that the organisms from different ancestors perform similar functions to survive, flourish and keep on evolving in prevailing environment.
(iii) Fossils. The remains of dead animals or plants that lived in the remote past are known as fossils. The fossils provided evidence for evolution.
For example: A fossil of a bird called Archaeopteryx looks like a bird but it has many other features found in reptiles. Therefore Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between the reptiles and birds and hence suggests that the birds have evolved from the reptiles.

Ozone is formed in upper atmosphere by the reaction of ultraviolet (UV) radiations on oxygen (O₂) molecule.
The damage to ozone layer is a cause of concern to us as due to its damage, more ultraviolet rays reach the earth's surface causing various health hazards.
               \({ O }_{ 2 }\overset { UV }{ \longrightarrow } O+O\\ { O }_{ 2 }+O\longrightarrow \underset { Ozone }{ { O }_{ 3 } } \) 
A cause of this damage is the presence of large amount of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere.

The development and management of resources in such a way which meets the current basic human needs and also preserves the resources for the needs of future generations is called sustainable management.
The process of 'reuse' is considered better than the process of 'recycling' because recycling requires the use of a large amount of energy and money whereas no energy is required for reusing materials.

Functions of:
Ovary - Ovaries are the primary reproductive organs in a woman (or female). The function of ovaries is to produce mature female sex cells called 'ova' or 'eggs' and also to secrete the female sex hormones.
Oviduct - The ovum (or egg cell) released by an ovary goes into the oviduct through its funnel shaped opening . The fertilisation of egg by a sperm takes place in the oviduct.
Uterus - The growth and development of a fertilised ovum (or fertilised egg) into a baby takes place int he uterus.
After fertilisation, zygote is formed which develops into an embryo. The embryo gets nutrition from the mother's blood with the help of a special tissue called placenta. This is a disc which is embedded in the uterine wall. It contains finger-like projections called villi on the embryo's side of the tissue. On the mother's side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to the embryo. In this way, the embryo gets its nutrition.

Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are produced.
(a)It is through the constant process of evolution taking place in the organisms since the origin of life that such an enormous variety of plants and animals have come to exist on this earth at present.
(b)There is an inbuilt tendency to variation during reproduction due to errors in DNA copying and as a result of sexual reproduction.
(c) Fossils are the remains of impressions of dead plants or animals which died millions of
years ago. They study of fossils helps us to know about the evolution of species. Fossils tell us how new species are developed from the old. Fossils provide evidence of evolution by revealing characteristics of past organisms and the changes that have occurred these organisms to give rise to present organisms. Therefore, fossils have an importance in deciding evolutionary relationship.

(a) Environmental pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the natural environment, brought about by man's activities. This pollution may affect the soil, rivers, seas or the atmosphere. 

(c) Biodegradable pollutants are sewage and agricultural waste.

Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are considered as asexual types of reproduction because gamete formation does not happen during these modes of reproduction and a single parent carries out the process of reproduction.
The above figures shows regeneration in planaria:
When the body of planaria is cut off into several part, each part regenerates its complementary part to develop into a new individual.